4.4 Population Policy: China

Define the management of natural increase

The balance between number of live births per 1000/year and the number of live deaths per 1000/year in a given area

1949 - 1970 (the reasons why China needed to implement the OCP.

Chairman Mao - leader of PRC (people’s republic of china) = communist ideology

50s/60s:

• Mount wanted to increase population

• Encouraged, increase birthrate and large families = string nation

• Lead to over population and famines

Mid 60s: BR = 41 per 1000

Early 197-s china released with no pop control number of resources per person goes down and quality of life goes down.

1971

TWO CHILD POLICY

• wanted to decrease birthrate - decrease fertility rate to increase the quality of life

Success?

1. Yes = BR decreased to 21 per 1000

2. No - still not enough

1971 (revisited) describe it

ONE CHILD POLICY

Exceptions:

• multiple births

• Rural area (needed for work)

• Ethnic minorities

incentives:

• free medical care

• Improved education

• Better housing

Penalise:

• lose promotion

• Lose job

• Eviction

• Loss of benefits

How to enforce:

• Granny police and government

Positive impacts of OCP

Decrease birth rate; 21-12 per 1000

decrease TFR; 3→ 1.7 (Bad as below 2.1 = replacement rate so now ageing pop)

Reduced rate of population growth: 1979 = 1.3% → 0.6% in 2015

“400 million less people if not have OCP” → less pressure on resources slows down idea of overpopulation.

No more major famines in China

Negative impacts of OCP

AGEING POPULATION (IDEA OF 4-2-1)

STAGE 5 OF DTM

REQUIRE MORE HEALTHCARE

INCREASING TAX - REDUCE EA 59% IN 2035 FROM 63% (1987)