Pedigrees and Inheritance Patterns

Flashcards covering key concepts related to pedigrees and inheritance patterns.

Pedigree

A genetic family tree showing patterns of inheritance from generation to generation.

Autosomal Recessive

An inheritance pattern where an individual must have two copies of a recessive gene to have the disorder.

Autosomal Dominant

An inheritance pattern where an individual only needs one copy of the dominant gene to have the disorder.

X-linked

Traits that are associated with genes located on the X chromosome.

Carrier

An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele and does not show symptoms of the disorder.

Mating Symbol

A symbol used in pedigrees to represent mating between individuals.

Sex-linked Trait

A trait associated with a gene that is carried on a sex chromosome.

Affected Individual

An individual who expresses a specific trait or disorder in a pedigree.

Unaffected Individual

An individual who does not express a specific trait or disorder in a pedigree.

Fraternal Twins

Twins who develop from separate eggs and are genetically different.

Identical Twins

Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos.

Deceased

An individual that has passed away, often indicated in pedigree charts.

Transmission Pattern

Patterns that describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring in pedigrees.

Skipped Generations

Generations in which a trait may not appear in some offspring despite being passed down.

Transmission from Father to Son

The possibility for a father to pass an affected gene to his son, applicable in certain inheritance patterns.

Normal Allele

The standard form of a gene that does not cause a disorder.

Defective Allele

A gene that may lead to the expression of a disorder.