Cellular Regulation Nur 114 exam 3

prostate cancer

is there a cause for prostate cancer ? if not what is it linked to ?

unknown cause, linked to changes in DNA of normal cell

what are most tumors sensitive to

androgen

what are modifiable risk factors

high fat low fiber diet

hx of vasectomy

exposure to enviromental toxins

what are non modifiable risk factors

age > 65 yrs

african americans

fam hx of prostate cx

mutation in the GSTP 1 gene

how do u prevent prostate cancer

diet high in fruits and veggies

low in animal fat

regular excercise

PSA screening at 50 yrs old

what are s/s of early stage

asymptomatic

what are s/s in the late stage

bone px

urinary changes based on location and size of tumor

bloody ejaculate

what is prostate specific antigen (PSA)

A protein produced by the prostate gland, elevated levels > 4 can indicate prostate cancer.

what is a digital rectal exam

physical exam expected to find hard, nodular prostate in setting of prostate cancer

what is a transrectal ultrasound

allows for visiualization of tumor and biopsy.

what is the first step in treatment

active surveillance

what are non surgical interventions

radiation

adjuvant therapy

external beam radiation

brachytherapy

what are side effects of external beam radiation therapy

urinary frequency

diarrhea

radiation cystitis

what should you avoid when doing external beam radaition

caffeine

must hydrate with water

what are side effects of brachytherapy

fatigue and radiation proctitis

what treatment is used for extensive tumors

hormone therapy.

what does luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists do

decrease testosterone.

leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin.

what does androgen receptor (antiandrogens) blockers do

block bodys ability to use availiable androgens

flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide

what are the advantages of open surgery

decrease hospital stay

decrease bleeding

decrease post op px

decrease time for foley

faster recovery

what is open radical prostatectomy

more trauma to the surrounding tissue bc prostate gland seminal veins and lymph nodes are removed

foley place for 1-2 weeks may require CBI

What should nurse educate patient on

kegel perineal exercises

expected side effects: incontinence

cath care

LRP - 3 days

Open radical prostatectomy several weeks

follow up

cancer support groups