Anglais Q2 Vocabulary (Aubry Moureau 2022-2023)

Flashcards covering medical English vocabulary and concepts from studies on sleep apnea, asthma, gastroenterology, cardiology, and pain management based on the 2022-2023 lecture materials.

Obstructive sleep apnea

A condition characterized by airway obstruction during sleep, often resulting in loud snoring, nocturnal awakening, and daytime sleepiness.

Retrognathia

A condition characterized by the retraction or posterior displacement of the jaw.

Cor pulmonale

Right-sided heart failure or enlargement of the right ventricle resulting from chronic lung disease or pulmonary hypertension.

Dysbiosis

A disruption or imbalance of the microbial population, particularly in the gut microbiota.

Airway hyperresponsiveness

An increased sensitivity of the bronchial membranes, often leading to asthma symptoms such as wheezing.

Hematochezia

The passage of bloody stools where fresh, red blood is visible.

Melena

The passage of black stools containing decomposing blood, usually indicating bleeding in the upper digestive tract.

Dysuria

A difficult or painful discharge of urine.

Empyema

The presence of pus in a bodily cavity.

Aneurysm

A sac formed by the abnormal dilation of the weakened wall of a blood vessel.

Ischemia

A lack of blood supply to an organ or tissue.

Pancolitis

Inflammation affecting the entire colon.

Rebound

An abrupt increase in pain when an examiner suddenly releases compression of the abdominal wall.

Abdominal distension

A swelling of the abdomen.

Enteral nutrition

Feeding provided through the gastrointestinal tract, often as a management strategy for patients with acute pancreatitis.

Ectopic pregnancy

A pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus, which can be a differential diagnosis for abdominal pain.

Tachypnoea

Abnormally rapid breathing.

Hypovolaemia

A state of decreased blood volume in the body.

Atrial fibrillation

An irregular and often rapid heart rate originating in the atria.

Cardiac output

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.

Vasovagal reaction

A response to a stimulus causing a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure, often leading to dizziness or loss of consciousness.

Angina pectoris

Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygenated blood.

Stenosis

The abnormal narrowing of a passage or opening in the body, such as a heart valve or artery.

Dyspnoea

Difficult or labored breathing.

Debridement

The surgical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue, often necessary for treating deep diabetic foot infections.

Necrotizing fasciitis

A severe, life-threatening infection that causes the death of the body's soft tissue.

Osmotic diuresis

Increased urination due to the presence of certain substances in the fluid filtered by the kidneys, such as glucose in diabetes.

Kussmaul respiration

A type of deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, such as diabetic ketoacidosis.

Anion gap

The difference between primary measured cations and anions in serum, used in the diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.

Nociception

The neural process involving the transduction and transmission of a noxious stimulus to the brain via a pain pathway.

Pain catastrophizing

Overly negative thoughts about pain associated with a tendency to feel helpless and magnify the threat of pain.

Sciatica

Pain affecting the back, hip, and outer side of the leg, caused by compression of a spinal nerve in the lower back.