MedTerm - Ch. 10: Cardiovascular + Lymphatic Systems

cardi/o

heart

atri/o

atrium

ventricul/o

ventricle, lower heart chamber

valv/o, valvul/o

valve

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

vessel

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

arteriol/o

arteriole

aort/o

aorta

ven/o, ven/i, phleb/o

vein

appendix

A small, fingerlike extension of the large intestine; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity.

lymph

thin, plasma like fluid that drains from tissues and travels through lymphatic vessels

lymph node

a small knob of tissue in the lymphatic system that filters lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease

lymphatic system

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection, drains fluid from tissue into blood and absorbs fat from digestive system.

peyer patches

aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the lining of the intestine

right lymphatic duct

collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body, and the right arm; empties into the right subclavian vein

Spleen

An organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells.

throacic duct

receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

thymus

Gland in the thoracic cavity above the heart where T lymphocytes mature.

tonsil

mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue

lymph/o

lymph

lymphaden/o

lymph node

lymphangi/o

lymphatic vessel

splen/o

spleen

thym/o

thymus gland

tonsill/o

tonsils

lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

Lymphangitis

inflammation of lymph vessels

lymphedema

swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

lymphoma

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

aneurysm

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

angina pectoris

chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen

arrhythmia

Abnormal heart rhythm

arteriosclerosis

abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

Atherosclerosis

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries

bradycardia

slow heart rate

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

clubbing

bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

coartation of the aorta

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

C-reactive protein (CRP)

a blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body. It is sometimes used in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

deep vein thrombosis

blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

diaphoresis

profuse sweating

dissecting aneurysm

A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers.

Dyslipidemia

abnormal blood lipid levels, including high total, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels as well as low high-density lipoprotein levels

Dyspnea

difficulty breathing

edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues; swelling caused by excess fluid

embolism

Blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current.

embolus

A clot that breaks lose and travels through the bloodstream.

fibrillation

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

heart block

interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle

heart failure

a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that it receives

hemorrhoid

a varicose vein in the rectum

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Infarct

Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of the blood supply

ischemia

Lack of blood supply

murmur

abnormal heart sound

myocardial infarction (MI)

heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea

occulusion

blockage, as of an artery, by fatty deposits

patent ductus arteriosus

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

plaque

A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall

rheumatic heart disease

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

septal defect

defect in the wall separating the left and right sides of the heart

shock

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion.

stenosis

narrowing

syncope

"Passing out", loss of consciousness or fainting

Tachycardia

Abnormally rapid heartbeat

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

thrombosis

abnormal condition of a blood clot

varicose vein

swollen and/or twisted veins, usually of the legs

ablation

removal of tissue to destroy its function

angioplasty

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

artificial pacemaker

electronic device that stimulates impulse initiation within the heart

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation

cardioversion

Restoration of normal heart rhythm by electrical shock

coronary agniography

radiographic study of coronary arteries after introduction of opaque dye by means of a catheter threaded through blood vessles into the heart.

coronary artery bypass

open-heart surgery in which blood vessel, often leg vein, is grafted to route blood around occluded coronary artery

coronary calcium scan

method for visualizing vessel-narrowing calcium deposits in coronary arteries

cratine kinase (CK)

enzyme released in increased amounts from cardiac musc le follwoing a myocardial infarction (MI)

CT angiography (CTA)

Computed tomography scan used to visualize vessels in the heart and other organs; requires only a small amount of dye injected into the arm; can rule out blocked coronary arteries that may cause a myocardial infarction (heart attack) in people with chest pain or abnormal stress tests

defibrillation

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm

echocardiography

an ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart

Lipoprotein

any of a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma.

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

dilation of sclerotic vessle by means of balloon catheter to flatten plaque against artierial wall.

stent

wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open

stress test

exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion (stress)

troponin

A protein of muscle that regulates contraction. Icreased sermum levels indicate recent myocardial infarction.

aorta

the largest artery

receives blood from left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body

aortic valve

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

apex

pointed end of the heart

artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

arteriole

small artery that ends in capillaries

artrioventricular (AV) node

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.

atrioventricular (AV) valve

A heart valve located between each atrium and ventricle that prevents a backflow of blood when the ventricle contracts. Bicuspid and tricuspid valve

AV bundle (bundle of His)

a band of fibers that transmits impulses along the interventricular septum

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

Bundle branches

branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum

capillary

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.

cardiovascular system

the part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and blood vessels

coronary circulation

flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart