Pre-AP Finals Review
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71 Terms
What was the most economically advanced state in the world from 1200–1450?
The Song Dynasty
What belief system influenced Chinese government?
Confucianism
What is Confucianism?
A philosophy emphasizing social order and respect for authority.
What was the scholar-gentry?
Educated officials who helped govern China.
What was the Byzantine Empire?
The Eastern Roman Empire that survived after Rome's fall.
What religion was dominant in the Byzantine Empire?
Orthodox Christianity.
What was the Abbasid Caliphate known for?
The Islamic Golden Age.
What was the Delhi Sultanate?
An Islamic state that ruled parts of India.
What is the caste system?
A social hierarchy based on birth in India.
What is feudalism?
A system where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service.
What was a vassal?
A person who owed loyalty and service to a lord.
What does allegiance mean?
Loyalty to a ruler or lord.
What is a social hierarchy?
A ranking of people into different social groups.
What was the main role of religion in Unit 1?
It shaped governments, cultures, and societies.
What were the three major trade networks?
Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Trade, and Trans-Saharan Trade.
What were the Silk Roads?
Land-based trade routes connecting Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
What was the Indian Ocean Trade network?
Sea-based trade connecting Africa, the Middle East, India, and Asia.
What was the Trans-Saharan Trade network?
Desert trade routes crossing the Sahara.
What is cultural diffusion?
The spread of ideas, beliefs, and technologies between cultures.
What is urbanization?
The growth of cities.
Why did cities grow along trade routes?
Trade brought wealth and people.
What was Timbuktu known for?
Trade, wealth, and learning.
Why was Mali important?
It controlled valuable Trans-Saharan trade routes.
Who was Mansa Musa?
The wealthy ruler of Mali.
What was Mansa Musa's hajj?
His pilgrimage to Mecca.
What is a pilgrimage?
A religious journey to a holy place.
What was the compass used for?
Navigation and finding direction.
What was the astrolabe used for?
Determining location using stars.
What were lateen sails?
Triangular sails that improved sailing against the wind.
Why were camel saddles important?
They made desert travel and trade easier.
What was a caravansary?
An inn where merchants rested along trade routes.
Why was paper money important?
It made trade easier by reducing the need to carry coins.
Who was Genghis Khan?
The founder of the Mongol Empire.
Why was Genghis Khan important?
He united the Mongol tribes and began their conquests.
How did the Mongols use fear?
They intimidated enemies into surrendering.
What was Pax Mongolica?
A period of peace and stability under Mongol rule.
Why was Pax Mongolica important?
It made trade and travel safer.
What was the Yam System?
A network of relay stations for communication.
What was the Black Death?
The 14th-century outbreak of the bubonic plague.
How did the Black Death spread?
Through trade routes.
What was a major effect of the Black Death?
Massive population decline.
What is Unit 1 mainly about?
How states and societies were organized.
What is Unit 2 mainly about?
How trade connected societies.
What spread through trade networks?
Goods, ideas, religions, technologies, and diseases.
What was the most important effect of trade networks?
Increased interaction between different societies.
What years are Unit 1 and Unit 2?
c. 1200–1450.
Why is 1200 an important starting point?
Major trade networks and empires were expanding across Afro-Eurasia.
When did the Western Roman Empire fall?
476 CE.
What remained after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
The Byzantine Empire.
When did the Mongol Empire begin?
1206, when Genghis Khan united the Mongols.
When did the Black Death spread through Afro-Eurasia?
c. 1347–1351.
When did Mansa Musa make his famous hajj?
1324–1325.
When did Zheng He lead his voyages?
1405–1433.
When did Constantinople fall to the Ottomans?
1453.
When did the Tang Dynasty rule China?
618–907.
When did the Song Dynasty rule China?
960–1279.
Which dynasty is most associated with economic growth and paper money?
Song Dynasty.
During what period were the Silk Roads at their peak?
c. 1200–1450.
What made Silk Road trade especially safe during the 1200s and 1300s?
Pax Mongolica.
When did Indian Ocean trade expand significantly?
c. 1200–1450.
What happened first: Black Death or Zheng He's voyages?
Black Death.
What happened first: Mansa Musa's hajj or Zheng He's voyages?
Mansa Musa's hajj.
What happened first: Tang Dynasty or Song Dynasty?
Tang Dynasty.
What happened first: Fall of Rome or Mongol Empire?
Fall of Rome.
476 CE
Fall of the Western Roman Empire.
1206
Genghis Khan creates the Mongol Empire.
1324–1325
Mansa Musa's hajj.
1347–1351
Black Death.
1405–1433
Zheng He's voyages.
1453
Fall of Constantinople.
1450
End of Unit 2 period