Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension

Vocabulary flashcards focused on key terms and definitions related to hypertension and its treatment.

Hypertension

Characterized by an elevation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or both.

Primary Hypertension

Accounts for 90% of cases, has no known cause.

Secondary Hypertension

Occurs as a result of another disorder.

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Average pressure throughout each cycle of heartbeat.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Major risk factors include cigarette smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and diabetes mellitus.

DASH Diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; recommended for managing hypertension.

Diuretics

Cause volume depletion and sodium excretion, commonly prescribed antihypertensives.

ACE Inhibitors

Inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme, reducing blood pressure.

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Block the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors, lowering blood pressure.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Inhibit movement of calcium ions across cell membranes, can be used as first- or second-line therapy.

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Inhibit cardiac response to sympathetic stimulation; used for stage 1 and 2 hypertension.

Lifestyle Modifications

Weight reduction, healthy eating, sodium reduction, and physical activity to manage hypertension.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A drop in blood pressure that occurs upon standing; a common side effect of antihypertensive medications.

Direct Vasodilators

Relax arterial smooth muscle, used for treatment of severe hypertension.

Patient Education

Addressing medication regimens, monitoring blood pressure, and managing lifestyle changes.