histology practical outline

stimulus

alterations of a variable outside of a specific range

receptor

detects the change and sends the signal

control center

establishes set point

effector

produces the response

the stimulus is detected by?

the receptor

positive feedback

increasing the initial status

example of positive feedback

childbirth, hemorrhage (bp drops and heart’s ability to pump drops)

negative feedback

move in opposite direction

function of SIMPLE SQUAMOUS epithelial tissue?

secretion, absorption

function of SIMPLE CUBOIDAL epithelial tissue?

secretion absorption

function of simple columnar epithelial tissue?

secretion, absorption, movement

function of keratinized/nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

protection OR maintian moisture

function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells?

secrete mucous, protection, “filtration”

function of transitional epithelial tissue?

distention, protection

location of simple squamous epithelium?

blood vessels, alveoli, loop of Henle, serous membrane

location of simple cuboidal epithelium?

kidney, tubules, glands, ducts

location of simple columnar epithelium?

stomach, small and large intestine, gall bladder, uterine tubes

location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

skin

location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

mouth esophagus anus vagina

location of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells?

nasal cavity, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi

location of transitional epithelium?

urinary bladder, urethra, ureters

what does the dermal papillae do?

regulates hair growth, shape, size, and color

where is dermal papillae located?

at the base of the hair follicle

sebaceous gland produces ___

oil

what are merocrine sweat glands for?

thermal regulation

where are apocrine sweat glands found?

axillary, anal, pubic

apocrine sweat glands are degraded by ___

bacteria, active at puberty and secretes by stress

function of lamellated corpuscles?

detect high frequency vibrations and deep pressure

lamellated corpuscles are found in ___

reticular dermis

function of tactile corpuscles?

responsible for light touch and low frequency vibrations

tactile corpuscles are found in ___

papillary dermis

function of the arrector pili muscle?

causes hair to stand up, regulates body temperature

epidermis is ___

superficial and multilayer, avascular

what are the cells in the epidermis?

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel cells

keratinocytes

most abundant, produce keratin

keratinocytes provide ___

continuity, strengthm protection

melanocytes

produce melanin/skin color pigment

what is the importance of melanocytes?

the melanin absorbs uv radiation to protect the nucleus

langerhans cells

detect and eat, aka macrophages

merkel cells

detech mechanical changes

stratum basale

deepest layer and in active mitosis

stratum spinosum

spiny layer because of the desmosomes

the stratum spinosum is ___

strong and flexible

stratum spinosum absorbs ___

melanin

stratum granulosum

transition zone, cells are DYING, waterproofing agent

stratum lucidum

clear layer, cells are DEAD, made of cell membrane and keratin

stratum corneum

dead cells, outermost

the stratum corneum is rich in ___

keratin and lipids and is CONSTANTLY shed

dermis

thickest layer, highly vascular,

the dermis contains ___

glands and follicles

the dermis is made of

dense and loose ct

papillary region

papi is LOOSE

the papillary region has ___

sensory receptors, dermal ridges

the papillary region is the ___

arena for immune response

the papillary region provides ___

strength elasticity extensibility

reticular region

made of DENSE IRREGULAR ct

the reticular region has ___

hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, sensory receptors, and elastic fiber (provides stretching and recoiling)

hypodermis

subcutaneous tissue, deepest layer, made of loose ct

hypodermis allows for

blood vessels/nerve passage