Global Biogeochemical cycles final exam

the photosynthetic enzyme ________ fractionates carbon in favor of ¹²C

rubisco

Ep is the isotopic difference between _______ and organic carbon

CO₂

_____ is the isotopic differnce between original primary productivity and organic carbon in the rock record,

Delta₂

Old granitic (sialic rocks have a high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr value because ⁸⁷Rb has decayed to ⁸⁷Sr value because _______ has decayed to ⁸⁷Sr

⁸⁷Rb

Cap delta 13C is the isotopic difference between _______ and ______.

D13Ccarb Delta13Corg

In a low pressure system in the northern hemisphere, net rotation of the system will be in a ____________ direction.

Counter-clockwise.

We use the term __________ to refer to the motion imparted upon winds or waters by the frictional drag created from their contact with the rotating Earth.

Ekman transport.

We call the large convection cell of the atmosphere that rises near the equator and sinks near 30* N/S latitudes the _____ cell.

Hadley cell

_______ is the process of selective removal of one isotope over another of the same element.

fractionation

What is Fbg?

the flux of organic carbon being buried.

What is capdelta carb?

Temperature dependent. Difference between Co2 and CaCO3.

What is John Hayes?

Wrote the paper that explains how carbon moves in a system, especially the evil diagram.

What is Kinetic fractionation?

Isotopes move differently according to their mass. (lighter isotopes are preferred)

Mu

growth rate

What is capdelta 2?

Temperature depedent, difference between CO2 and CaCO3

What is response time (effective renewal time)

how long it takes for the envirnment or system to respond to a change. Residence Time/Flux

Please explain why the waters off the coast of California and Oregon are so cold and nutrient rich. (2 reasons)

Upwelling and ocean gyres

If dMc/dt=0 on long time scales, what else must be true about the relationship between the variables Fwc, Fbc, and Fwsil?

inputs have to equal out puts. Effectively, Fwc and Fwsil are the same, so they have to equal the same.

Assume there was apositive excursion in delta13Ccarb and the current hypothesis was that it was the result of an increase in organic carbon burial (increase in Forg). Pease give two possible explanations for how Forg could increase.

Sedimentation rate increased, causeing more rapid burial.

Increased productivity, causing an OMZ and in turn burying more carbon.

Please explain why changes in the oxygenation state of the deep ocean would impact delta13Ccarb in the rest of the ocean. Include one or more formuals used in class in your answer and make sure to explain how changes in one part of the equation impacts the other parts of the equation.

photosynthesis equation. No oxygen stalls the equation,