Neurological Disorders, Stroke, and Critical Care Review

Flashcards covering Neurological Disorders, Stroke, Respiratory Distress, Burns, Shock stages, and Perioperative care based on the lecture notes.

Phenytoin

A medication that may be prescribed post-brain surgery for a patient at risk for postoperative seizures.

Cushing's triad

A group of late signs of increased ICP including widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and respiratory depression.

Log roll

The specific technique used to move a patient after a discectomy.

Right hemisphere stroke

A type of stroke likely to cause memory deficits, impulsive behavior, impaired proprioception, and poor spatial awareness.

Parkinson's disease symptoms

Clinical hallmarks including shuffling gait, resting tremors, and weakness.

Burr holes

A surgical treatment that may be performed for an epidural hematoma with increased ICP.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

The tool used to assess level of consciousness in an unresponsive patient.

Autonomic dysreflexia prevention

Interventions for T6-T7 paraplegia including preventing bladder distention, maintaining Foley patency, and following a bowel program.

Acoustic neuroma

An assessment involving CN VIII characterized by tinnitus, vertigo, and a staggering gait.

Myasthenia gravis priority

The priority assessment is respiratory status.

Aseptic meningitis

A type of meningitis that is viral in origin.

Septic meningitis

A type of meningitis that is bacterial in origin, characterized by nuchal rigidity and a positive Brudzinski sign.

Guillain-Barré syndrome priority

The priority intervention is to monitor respiratory function.

Huntington's disease

A condition manifested by choreiform movements, emotional changes, and personality changes.

Diazepam (Valium)

The medication used for status epilepticus.

Pseudobulbar affect

Inappropriate laughing or crying unrelated to current circumstances.

ARDS hallmark sign

Hypoxemia despite being on $100\%$ oxygen, caused by fluid-filled alveoli.

FiO₂

Fraction of inspired oxygen.

High-pressure ventilator alarm

Triggered by kinked tubing, mucus plugs, or the patient biting the tube.

Low-pressure ventilator alarm

Triggered by disconnection or self-extubation.

Therapeutic aPTT

$1.5\text{--}2$ times the baseline value for a patient receiving heparin.

Full-thickness (3rd-degree) burn

A burn with a dry appearance and eschar that is typically painless due to nerve destruction.

Burn resuscitation laboratory findings

Common findings include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and increased hematocrit (hemoconcentration).

Compensatory stage of shock

A stage characterized by normal blood pressure but increased heart rate, cool clammy skin, and decreased urine output due to SNS activation.

Anaphylaxis first-line treatment

IM epinephrine.

Septic shock fluid resuscitation

Administering $30\,mL/kg$ of IV fluids.

First-hour sepsis bundle

Drawing lactate, obtaining blood cultures, starting antibiotics, and administering fluids.

Pulsus paradoxus

An assessment finding associated with cardiac tamponade.

Neurogenic shock findings

Manifestations include bradycardia, hypotension, flaccid paralysis, and hypothermia following spinal cord injury above T5.

Palliative surgery

Surgery performed to improve comfort but not cure the underlying disease.

Malignant hyperthermia risk

Patients with a positive family history or red-haired individuals are at increased risk.