ALL muscles

name the six layers of the hypaxial body wall muscle pattern

1. ventral

2. outermost

3. external

4. internal

5. subvertebral

what innervates the thoracic hypaxial body wall muscles?

anterior rami of spinal nerves

list the thoracic ventral muscle(s)

sternalis muscle

sternalis muscle function

flexion of the sternum

list the muscle(s) of the outermost muscle layer in the thorax

1. serratus posterior superior

2. serratus posterior inferior

serratus posterior superior function

elevation of the ribcage

serratus posterior inferior function

depression of the ribcage

list the muscle(s) of the external muscle layer in the thorax

external intercostal muscles

external intercostal muscles function

elevation of the ribs

list the muscle(s) of the middle muscle layer in the thorax

internal intercostal muscles

internal intercostal muscles function

stiffens and helps depress the ribcage

list the muscle(s) of the internal muscle layer in the thorax

1. transversus thoracis muscles

2. innermost intercostal muscles

3. subcostal muscles

4. the diaphragm

transversus thoracis muscles function

depression of the ribcage

innermost intercostal muscles function

depression of the ribcage

subcostal muscles

depression of the ribcage

diaphragm function

respiration

list the muscle(s) of the subvertebral muscle layer in the thorax

longus colli muscle

longus colli muscle function

flexion of the neck

list the muscle(s) of the ventral muscle layer in the abdomen

rectus abdominis muscle

rectus abdominis muscle function

flexion of the lumbar vertebral column

list the muscle(s) of the outermost/external muscle layer in the abdomen

external oblique muscle

external oblique muscle function

flexion of lumbar vertebral column and contralateral rotation of the abdomen

list the muscle(s) of the middle muscle layer in the abdomen

internal oblique muscle

internal oblique muscle function

flexion of the lumbar vertebral column and ipsilateral flexion of the abdomen

list the muscle(s) of the internal muscle layer in the abdomen

1. transversus abdominis muscle

2. quadrates lumborum muscle

transversus abdominis muscle function

narrows abdomen and stiffens core for coughing, sneezing, vomiting, etc

quadrates lumborum muscle function

flexion of the lumbar vertebral column, lateral flexion of the abdomen, and helps with balance

list the muscle(s) of the subvertebral muscle layer in the abdomen

1. psoas major muscle

2. psoas minor muscle

poas major muscle function

flexion of the hip

psoas minor function

weak vertebral flexor

list the muscle(s) of the internal muscle layer in the pelvis

1. pubococcygeus part of the levator ani muscle

2. iliococcygeus part of the levator ani muscle

3. ischiococcygeus muscle

pelvic floor function

supports the abdominal viscera/holds our organs inside our body

list the muscle(s) of the middle muscle layer in the pelvis of a female

1. obturator internus muscle

2. deep external anal sphincter

3. sphincter urethrovaginalis muscle

4. compressor urethrae muscle

5. external urethral sphincter muscle

list the muscle(s) of the middle muscle layer in the pelvis of a male

1. obturator internus muscle

2. deep external anal sphincter muscle

3. deep transverse perineal muscle

4. external urethral sphincter muscle

anal sphincter function

opening and closing the anal canal

deep transverse perineal muscle function

support for the urogenital triangle

external urethral sphincter muscle function

opening and closing the urethra

sphincter urethrovaginalis muscle function

narrows the urethra and vagina

compressor urethrae muscle function

pushes urethra back so the vagina can open wider

list the muscle(s) of the external muscle layer in the pelvis

1. obturator externus muscle

2. superficial external anal sphincter muscle function

3. superficial transverse perineal muscle

4. ischiocavernosus muscle

5. bulbospongiosus muscle

superficial transverse perineal muscle function

support for the urogenital triangle

ischiocavernosus muscle function in a male

anchors the crus of the penis to the body

ischiocavernosus muscle function in a female

anchors the crus of the clitoris to the body

bulbospongiosus muscle function in a male

rhythmically contracts during ejaculation to get sperm out of the penis

bulbospongiosus muscle function in a female

narrows the vaginal canal and helps with secretions of the greater vestibular glands

list all muscle(s) of the spinotransversalis group of epaxial back muscles

1. splenius capitis muscle

2. splenius cervicis muscle

splenius capitis muscle function

extension of the head and cervical vertebrae

splenius cervicis muscle function

extension of the cervical vertebrae

list all muscle(s) of the erector spinae group of epaxial back muscles

1. iliocostalis muscle

2. longissimus muscle function

3. spinalis muscle

iliocostalis muscle function

extension and ipsilateral flexion of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

longissimus muscle function

extension of the head and whole vertebral column

spinalis muscle function

extension of the head, cervical, thoracic, and some lumbar vertebrae

list all muscle(s) of the transversospinalis group of epaxial back muscles

1. semispinalis muscle

2. multifidius muscle

semispinalis muscle function

extension of the head and cervical vertebrae

multifidius muscle function

extension of the whole vertebral column and posture

list all muscle(s) of the scapular sling

1. rhomboideus major

2. rhomboideus minor

3. levator scapulae

4. trapezius

5. serratus anterior

6. pectoralis minor

7. subclavius

rhomboideus major proximal attachment

spinous processes of T2 to T5

rhomboideus major distal attachment

inferior half of the medial border of the scapula

rhomboideus major function

adduction and downward rotation of the scapula

rhomboideus minor proximal attachment

spinous processes of C7 to T1

rhomboideus minor distal attachment

medial border of the scapula at the base of the spine of the scapula

rhomboideus minor function

adduction of the scapula

levator scapulae proximal attachment

transverse processes of C1 to C4

levator scapulae distal attachment

superior angle of the scapula

levator scapulae function

elevation of the scapula

trapezius proximal attachment

occipital bone and spinous processes of C7 to T12

trapezius distal attachment

spine/acromion of scapula and lateral third of the clavicle

trapezius function

adduction and upward rotation of the scapula

serratus anterior proximal attachment

lateral surface of ribs 1 to 8 or 9

serratus anterior distal attachment

anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

serratus anterior function

abduction and upward rotation of the scapula

pectorals minor proximal attachment

anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, and 5

pectoralis minor distal attachment

coracoid process of the scapula

pectoralis minor function

abduction and downward rotation of the scapula

subclavius proximal attachment

anterior surface of the first rib

subclavius distal attachment

inferior surface of the mid-clavicle

subclavius function

stabilization of and downward rotation of the clavicle and scapula

common function of ALL scapular sling muscles

stabilization of the scapula and anchoring the scapula and upper limb to the trunk

list all muscle(s) of the rotator cuff group

1. supraspinatus

2. infraspinatus

3. teres minor

4. subscapularis

supraspinatus proximal attachment

supraspinous fossa

supraspinatus distal attachment

greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinaus function

abduction of the shoulder

infraspinatus proximal attachment

infraspinous fossa

infraspinatus distal attachment

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus function

lateral rotation of the shoulder

teres minor proximal attachment

lateral border of scapula

teres minor distal attachment

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor function

lateral rotation of humerus

subscapularis proximal attachment

subscapular fossa

subscapularis distal attachment

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis function

medial rotation of shoulder

deltoid proximal attachment

spine/acromion of scapula and lateral third of clavicle

deltoid distal attachment

deltoid tuberosity

deltoid function

extension, flexion, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and abduction of the shoulder

list all muscle(s) of the intertubercular groove muscles

1. pectoralis major

2. teres major

3. latissimus dorsi

pectoralis major proximal attachment

lateral anterior surface of the sternum and medial half of the clavicle

pectoralis major distal attachment

intertubercular groove

pectoralis major function

medial rotation, adduction, and flexion (of an extended) shoulder

teres major proximal attachment

inferior angle of scapula

teres major distal attachment

intertubercular groove