EALC 0060 Final - Objects

Taewǒn'gun

The father of King Kojong who ruled as regent and held real political power

Late Choson

Taewǒn'gun time period

isolationist and anti-foreign

Taewǒn'gun is important for this _______ and _________ policies.

Anti-appeasement Steles

Stone monuments erected under Taewŏn'gun with inscriptions opposing foreign influence.

Late Choson, after foreign invasions

Anti-appeasement Steles time period

resisting Western powers

The Anti-appeasement Steles symbolize Korea's official policy of ____ ____ _____, reinforcing isolationism and showing the state's ideological commitment to rejecting foreign relations.

Tonghak Rebellion

A large-scale peasant uprising based on the Tonghak religion, led by figures like Chŏn Pong-jun, demanding social and political reform.

Late Choson, period of internal corruption and increasing foreign influence

Tonghak Rebellion time period

ruling system and foreign presence

Tonghak Rebellion challenged the

Eulsa Treaty

A treaty that made Korea a protectorate of Japan and stripped it of diplomatic sovereignty

Late Chosŏn, 1905, after Japan's victory

Eulsa Treaty time period

major step toward full Japanese colonization and sparked domestic resistance

Eulsa Treaty signifiance

march first movement

a nationwide Korean independence movement involving mass protests against Japanese colonial rule.

Colonial Period, 1919

The March First Movement time period + influence

resistance to Japanese rule

The March First Movement demonstrated widespread _____

Sin'ganhoe (New Trunk Society)

the largest public organization during the colonial period that united cultural nationalists and socialists.

Colonial Period, 1920s

Sin'ganhoe (New Trunk Society) time period

support various independence movements, helped coordinate resistance, dissolution showed limits of organized opposition

Sin'ganhoe (New Trunk Society) significance

Cultural Nationalist Movement

A non-violent resistance movement led by Korean nationalists focused on strengthening society through economic, educational, and cultural efforts

Colonial Period, 1920s during Japan's "cultural rule" period after the March First Movement

Cultural Nationalist Movement time period

promote economic independence through "buy korean" campaign, national strength through education attempting to create a Korean-run university, literacy campaigns to educate population

Cultural Nationalist Movement significance

buy korean campaign

encouraged consumption of domestic goods over Japanese import, attempt to promote economic independence. during cultural nationalism. 1920s.

Protection of National Culture Movement

A resistance movement that focused on preserving Korean language and history under Japanese rule.

Colonial Period, 1920s, when Japan attempted to erase Korean identity.

Protection of National Culture Movement time period

Activists promoted the Korean language (Hangul research societies), resisted Japanese historical narratives by writing and teaching Korean history

Protection of National Culture Movement significance

Syngman Rhee

an American-educated Korean independence leader who became the first president of South Korea.

1948

Syngman Rhee rose to power in the mid-1940s after liberation, supported by the United States, and led the Republic of Korea after its establishment in ____

Jeong'eup Statement

Syngman Rhee's _____ advocating for a separate southern government contributed to the division of Korea and solidified the formation of an anti-communist South Korean state

Kim Il-sung

a communist leader installed in North Korea with Soviet support and became the leader of the DPRK.

late 1940s

Kim Il-Sung rose to power in the ____ ____ after liberation, particularly after the Soviet Union occupied northern Korea and helped establish a communist government in 1948.

communist state

Kim Il-sung played a key role in solidifying North Korea as a _____ _____ and later initiated the Korean War in 1950 in an attempt to unify Korea under his rule.

38th parallel

the line that divided Korea into two zones, with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States occupying the south.

1945 at the end of World War II

The 38th Parallel time period

Park Chung Hee

A general who led the military coup of May 16, 1961 and became the leader of South Korea.

1960s-1970s, Third Republic through the Fourth Republic

Park Chung Hee time period

industrialization and Five-Year Economic Development Plans

Park Chung Hee led export-led ________ and _______, while also expanding presidential power through constitutional amendments and authoritarian rule.

Yushin Constitution

A new constitution established in October 1972 that created a presidential system with a 6-year term and no term limits.

Fourth Republic (1970s) under Park Chung Hee

Yushin Constitution time period

gave president power to control legislature, suspend civil liberties, enfroce emergency decrees

Yushin Constitution strengthen authoritartian rule (significance)

Chon T'aeil

A sewing worker at the Seoul Peace Market who protested poor labor conditions and demanded enforcement of labor laws.

1970, during the period of rapid industrialization with low wages and harsh working conditions

Chon T'aeil time period

set himself on fire, labor exploitation, symbol of the labor movement.

Chon T'aeil significance

Saemaeul/New Village Movement

A movement emphasizing diligence, self-help, and cooperation as part of national development.

1970s, during the shift from light industry to heavy industry.

Saemaeul/New Village Movement time period

supported economic development and modernization, alongside industrial expansion and state-led policies

Saemaeul/New Village Movement significance

chaebols

Large, family-owned business conglomerates, literally meaning "wealth clans."

1960s-1970s, during South Korea's postwar developmental era

Chaebols time period

dominate economy, grew rapidly

Chaebols signifance

including financial backing and protectionist policies.

Hyundai, LG, Samsung

Chun Doo Hwan

A military leader who headed the Defense Security Command and led the New Military Group.

Late 1970s-1980s, after the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah

Chun Doo Hwan time period

martial law, political activity, authoritarian control

Chun Doo Hwan expanded _____ ____, banned ____ ____, and enforced ______ ______ during widespread protests, imposed media censorship.

Gwangju Uprising

Mass protest against the South Korean military government. Nearly a quarter of a million people participated in the rebellion. Although it was brutally repressed and initially unsuccessful in bringing about democratic reform in, it is considered to have been a pivotal moment in the South Korean struggle for democracy.

1980, during nationwide martial law under Chun Doo Hwan

Gwangju Uprising time period

military dictatorship

Gwangju uprising became a key moment in the struggle against authoritarian rule and symbolized resistance to _____ _____

June 1987 Democratic Struggle

A series of large-scale protests demanding political reform and democratic elections

Gwangju uprising

Chun Doo Hwan's rule suppressed widespread protests and set the stage for major resistance movements like ____.

1987, death of student Park Jong-chul

June 1987 Democratic Struggle time period

state violence, amend the constitution

June 1987 Democratic Struggle was fueled by public outrage over _____ ____ and the government's refusal to ______ ____ _____.

democritzation

June 1987 Democratic Struggle, the scale of the protests created intense pressure on the regime and marked a turning point toward _____.

Kim Young Sam

The 14th president of South Korea and the first civilian president in over 30 years

1993-1997, during the post-authoritarian democratic period

Kim Young Sam time period

real name, disclose assets

Kim Young Sam introduced the "_____ _____" financial system to prevent corruption and required officials to _____ _____.

Making History Right

Kim Young Sam also led the "_____ _____ ____" campaign, which included putting Chun Doo Hwan and Roh Tae Woo on trial for past events.

English education, economic and social

Kim Young Sam's globalization (segyehwa) policy promoted _____ ______ and reshaped _______ ___ _____ priorities

Kim Dae Jung

The 15th president of South Korea and a longtime opposition figure who faced arrest, abduction, and a death sentence under military regimes.

1998-2003, after decades of authoritarian rule and democratic struggle.

Kim Dae Jung time period

first peaceful transfer of power

Kim Dae Jung's election marked the ____ ____ _____ ____ _____ between ruling and opposition parties in postwar Korean history.

military dictatorship

Kim Dae Jung was the first president with no ties to the ____ _____ and the only president from Cholla province

democratic resistance

Kim Dae Jung's political life reflected the persistence of _____ _____ under authoritarian rule.

Asian Financial/IMF Crisis

A financial crisis in 1997 caused by foreign capital withdrawal, short-term debt pressures, and instability in Korean companies and banks.

1997

Asian Financial/IMF Crisis time period

globalization, international financial markets

The Asian Financial/IMF Crisis happened during a period of _______ and increased exposure to ______ ______ ______

national bankruptcy

The Asian Financial/IMF Crisis was the worst economic crisis in South Korea since the Korean War and pushed the country close to ______ _____

layoffs and reduced spending

Because of the IMF Crisis, Korea had to accept a large IMF bailout and follow strict economic reforms like ______ ______ _______ _________

unemployment, global competition market-based

IMF crisis changed everyday life by increasing ______ and hardship, and it reshaped the economy to focus more on ________ and ________ policies.

Western royal

Taewǒn'gun rejected ______ influence and strengthened _____ authority, which shaped Korea's initial response to foreign pressure

Chinese and Japanese intervention

Tonghak Rebellion's suppression led to ___, which helped trigger the Sino-Japanese War and accelerated Korea's loss of sovereignty.

national self-determination

March First Movement sparked by Kojong's death and influenced by ideas of ______ ______ after World War I.

harsh military rule

The March First Movement led to the creation of the Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai, and forced Japan to shift from __________ to a more moderate "cultural rule."