Bio II - Chapter 55
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16 Terms
What is a community?
A group of species living together at the same place and time
What are some components of a community?
Complex networks on interacting species that vary in structure and species diversity
What subsets are used to define different types of communities?
Taxonomic ability, guild, functional group
What is a food web?
Diagram used to represent trophic or energtic connections among species in a community
How is community structured described?
By the number, composition, and abundance of species
What is species diversity?
A measure that combines number of species (species richness) and their relative abundances (species eveness)
How do interactions in communities vary?
Can vary in strength and direction (direct or indirect)
What is a keystone species?
An organism that has a strong community-wide effect (typically via trophic interactions), despite their small size and abundance
What is a foundation species?
An organism that has a strong community wide effect due to their large size or abundance
What is a ecosystem engineer?
An organism that can create or modify major aspects of the physical environment for themselves (and other species as well)
What is a trophic cascade?
When strong feeding interactions at one trophic level trigger indirect effects that ripple through the rest of the community
What abiotic factors influence species diversity within a community?
Complexity of habitats and disturbance
How does complexity of habitats affect species diversity?
The more complex habitats support higher species diversity because they provide more unique environments, more shelter, and more ways for species to coexist
How does disturbance shape community diversity?
Communities with intermediate levels of disturbance often support the highest diversity
low levels favors only disturbance competitor
high levels favors only species resistant to disturbance
What are qualities of communities with higher species diversity?
More productivity, more stability, and more resilience