impact of ww1

How many casualties

8 million

Reasons for food shortages

• collapse of railways

• Food sent to front

• Lack of grain on market

How much did price of food and fuel increase vs wages 1914-16

Food and fuel quadrupled vs wages doubled

Why did petrograd suffer most

Remote

By 1916 how much food and duel was petrograd recieving

Barely a third of what they required

What sale was banned

Vodka

Where were the influx of refugees from and why was this an issue

German occupied areas and caused great overcrowding

When did strikes break out and when did they increase

1915 1916

When did the tsar take cintrol of the army

Aug 1915

Where did tsar go after taking control of army and how far from petrograd

MOgilev (60km from petrograd)

Why was tsar taking control of army bad

• responsible for conduct of war

• Left pgrad purely to tsarina and rasputin

Would army generals have saved tsar in war

They indicated they wouldnt intervene to save him

Who had the largest army in the war

Russians

Where had they been forced out of by autumn 1915

Poland, lithuania, latvia

May-dec 1915 how many killed and how many taken prisoner

1 million and 1 million

When did russian army begin to recover

Winter 1915-1916

Who launched offensive in summer 1916

General brusilov

How many did russians capture/kill in summer 1916 offensive

Over half army

What happened after summer 1916 offensive

Germans pushed russia back

Why were many leaders appointed

Loyalty to tsar and had no military expertise

How was the incapablity of leaders clear

No clear command structure or war plan

What equipment did they lack

• rifles

• Ammunition

• Boots

How did russian army get weapons

Taking dead comrads weapons

How many deserted

10ks

By 1916 was was russias shell production like

Matched germany

Percentage growth in output of artillery and rifles

1000%

By 1914 what was the rifle to soldier distribution

2 rifles per 3 soldiers

1914-1917 how many men roughly in russian army and mainly who were they

15 million men mainly conscript peasants

What made people sus of rasputin and tsarina

Pornographic cartoons of them together went to press

Why was war minister polivanov dismissed

Tsarina called him a traitor bc he worked with zemgor and WICs

Why did tsarina and rasputin appoint Pm and why was he contrevsial

Sturmer - incompetent and had german name

Where was rasputin killed

Yusupov palace

Who killed rasputin

Purishkevich

When did rasputin die

17.12.1916

What was wrong by christmas 1914

Shortage of munitions, railways couldnt cope with freight traffic

Traffic in moscow

Became a huge bottleneck and signalling system collapsed

Where were food and supplies

Available but not getting where they had to be

How much spent on war 1914 vs 1918

1500 million roubles vs 14500 million

What happened to railway locomotive production 1913-18

Halved

When was a recruitment drive

1916

Result of recruitment drive

More weaponary made rifle production double

How much did heavy artillery increase by

4x

What was % rise in cost of living

300

How many on brink of starvation

1000s

By jan 1917 how many striked in moscow + pgrad

30k in moscow and 145k in pgrad

When was tsar pressured to reopen duma

July 1915

What did progressive bloc call for? But…

‘Ministry of national confidence’ where elected duma members would replace incompetent ministers but tsar didnt allow it and suspended duma

Why was st petersbury renamed

Sounded too german

Why was decision to go to war initially popular

Because of anti-german sentiment

Why were extremists imprisoned

Lack of patriotism

What was war credit

Raising taxes and loans to finance war

How did duma vote in terms of war credit

Yes

What happened to the duma and why

Dissolved itself - not wanting ‘unnecessary politics’

When were spirits dampened

Battle of tannenburg in east prussia

When was battle of tannenburg

Aug 1914

How many dead or wounded in battle of tannenburg and how many prisoners taken

300k 1000

What forced russian forces into temporary retreat

Defeat at masurian lakes in sept

What did zemstva have to do

Form their own bodies for medical care, hospital trains

What did all the zemstva bodies become

Came together to make zemgor

Role of zemgor

Uniform, boots, tents

Who helped with zemgor

Leading liberals

Autocracys view of zemgor

Refused to work with

How did tsarina view zemgor and WiC

Undermining autocracy by pointing out its failings

Who formed war industry committees

Prof groups and businessmen

Role of war industries committee

Shifted factories to military production