Clinical characteristics

DSM-5 categories of phobia

Specific phobia - Phobia of a specific object

Social anxiety - Phobia of speaking publically

Agoraphobia - Phobia of being outside or in public space

Behavioural characteristics of phobias

Panic response such as crying, screaming, shouting

Avoidance of phobic stimulus (e.g. public toilets)

Endurance - when a person chooses to remain with the phobic stimulus

Emotional characteristics of phobias

Anxiety prevents relaxation and any positive emotion

Fear is the immediate response after seeing the phobic stimulus, it is more intense but lasts a shorter period than anxiety

Emotional response is unreasonable

Cognitive characteristics of phobia

Selective attention to the phobic stimulus

Irrational beliefs - unfounded thoughts in relation to phobic stimulus

Cognitive distortions innacurate or unrealistic perceptions of phobic stimulus

DSM-5 categories of depression

Major depressive disorder

Persistent depressive disorder

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Premenstrual dystrophic disorder

Behavioural characteristics of depression

Low activity levels where people may withdraw from social life

Disruption of sleeping and eating schedule

Agression and self-harm

Emotional characteristics of depression

Lowered mood or feeling empty

Anger

Lower self-esteem

Cognitive characteristics of depression

Poor concentration

Attending and dwelling on the negative

Absolutist thinking

DSM-5 categories of OCD

OCD

Trichotillomania

Hoarding disorder

Excoriation disorder

Behavioural characteristics of OCD

Repetitive compulsions

Compulsions reduce anxiety

Avoidance

Emotional characteristics of OCD

Anxiety and distress of compulsions and obssessions

Accompanying depression

Guilt and disgust

Cognitive characteristics of OCD

Recurring obssessive thoughts

Cognitive coping strategies

Insight into excessive anxiety