Chemistry AC2

Solute

Is the solid being dissolved

Solvent

Is the liquid it’s dissolving into

Solution

Is a mixture of a solute and a solvent that does not separate out

Soluble

Means it will dissolve

Insoluble

Means it will not dissolve

Saturated

Is a solution that will not dissolve any more solute at that temperature

Solubility

Is a measure of how much solute a solvent can dissolve

Dissolving

Is when a solute mixes with a solvent and forms a solution

Pure substance

Is made up of only one type of element or compound

Chemical reaction

Is required to separate the elements in a pure compound

Mixture

Is made of two or more different substances not chemically joined

Physical methods

Are methods used to separate substances in a mixture without chemical reactions

Sea water

Is a mixture containing several different substances

Air

Is a mixture containing different gases

Constituent parts

Are the individual substances making up a mixture

Properties of a mixture

Are the properties of the substances that make it up

Dissolving isn’t disappearing

Means the solute still exists even though it cannot be seen

Solute particles

Are particles that separate and mix with solvent particles when dissolving

Evaporation

Is removing the solvent to get the solute back

Higher temperature

Increases solubility because particles move faster

Some solutes

Do not dissolve in certain solvents

Mass in dissolving

Does not change because the solute still exists

Cake mix example

Shows mixtures where components can be separated

Picking out raisins

Shows that mixture components remain unchanged

H2O molecules

Are molecules in pure water that cannot be chemically separated without a reaction

Gases in air

Are examples of different substances coexisting in a mixture

No chemical joining

Means substances in a mixture remain unchanged

Breaking bonds

Is what happens when a solute dissolves into a solvent

Adding solute to solvent

Forms a solution when particles mix evenly

Saturated solution

Is formed when no more solute can dissolve

Increasing solvent

Allows more solute to dissolve

Cooling a solution

May cause dissolved solute to crystallize again

Solubility curve

Shows how solubility changes with temperatur

Mixture

Is a combination of substances that are not chemically joined

Physical Methods

Are ways of separating mixtures without chemical reactions

Filtration

Is a method used to separate insoluble solids from liquids

Evaporation

Is a method used to obtain a solute from a solution by heating

Chromatography

Is a technique used to separate mixtures of dissolved substances

Distillation

Is a method used to separate liquids by boiling and condensing

Rock Salt

Is a mixture of salt and sand used in separation examples

Crushing

Is the first step of separating rock salt by breaking it into small pieces

Dissolving

Is the step where salt dissolves in water but sand does not

Filtering

Is the process where sand is trapped in filter paper and salt solution passes through

Evaporating

Is the step where water is heated to leave salt crystals behind

Insoluble

Means a substance does not dissolve in a liquid

Soluble

Means a substance dissolves in a liquid

Filter Paper

Is the paper used to separate insoluble solids from liquids

Filtrate

Is the liquid that passes through the filter paper

Residue

Is the solid left behind on filter paper

Crystals

Are solid forms produced after evaporating a solution

Chromatography Paper

Is the special paper used in chromatography to separate dyes

Dye Spot

Is a small amount of dye placed on chromatography paper

Baseline

Is the pencil line drawn on chromatography paper to place dye spots

Solvent

Is the liquid that carries dissolved substances along chromatography paper

Capillary Action

Is the process that pulls solvent up the chromatography paper

Chromatogram

Is the final pattern formed by separated dyes

Method 1

Is a chromatography method where dye spots are pulled through paper by solvent

Method 2

Is a chromatography method using a beaker and suspended chromatography sheet

Identifying Blood Samples

Is one application of chromatography

Investigating Chlorophyll

Is another application of chromatography

Evaporating Basin

Is a container used to heat solutions and form crystals

Beaker

Is a container used to hold liquids during experiments

Funnel

Is a tool used with filter paper to perform filtration

Boiling

Is heating a liquid until it turns to gas during evaporation or distillation

Suspension

Is a mixture where insoluble particles are spread throughout a liquid

Solution

Is a mixture where a solute dissolves completely in a solvent

Separation Technique

Is any method used to split components of a mixture

Grain Size

Is the size of solid pieces such as crushed rock salt and san

Simple Distillation

Is a method used to separate a liquid from a solution

Solution

Is a mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Heating

Is the process that causes the liquid in a solution to boil and evaporate

Evaporation

Is when a liquid changes into a gas

Condensation

Is when a gas cools and changes back into a liquid

Distillate

Is the pure liquid collected after condensation in distillation

Fractional Distillation

Is a method used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points

Fractionating Column

Is the tall column that helps separate liquids based on boiling point differences

Boiling Point

Is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas

Volatile Liquid

Is a liquid that evaporates easily at a lower temperature

Residue

Is the substance left behind after distillation

Pure Substance

Is a substance made of only one type of material with a fixed boiling point

Impure Substance

Is a substance containing more than one material and showing a range of boiling points

Thermometer

Is the instrument used to measure temperature during distillation

Cooling Water

Is the water used in the condenser to help cool vapor back into liquid

Condenser

Is the apparatus that cools vapor and turns it into liquid during distillation

Ink Mixture

Is a mixture of dyes and water that can be separated by simple distillatio

States Of Matter

Are the three forms materials can exist in which are solid liquid and gas

Solid

Is a state of matter where particles are packed tightly together

Liquid

Is a state of matter where particles are close but can move around each other

Gas

Is a state of matter where particles are far apart and move freely

Particles

Are tiny pieces of matter that make up all materials

Energy

Is the amount of movement or activity the particles have

Attraction

Is the force that pulls particles toward each other

Solid Shape

Is a fixed shape that solids keep because their particles do not move

Liquid Shape

Is the shape of the container because liquids flow

Gas Shape

Is the shape of the container because gases spread out to fill it

Solid Volume

Is a fixed volume that does not change

Liquid Volume

Is a fixed volume but liquids do not have a fixed shape

Gas Volume

Is not fixed because gases expand to fill any space

Density

Is how much mass is packed into a certain volume

Solid Density

Is usually high because particles are closely packed