Key terms and definitions HL (whole course) ✓ | Quizlet

Buffer solution

A solution that resists a change in pH when a small amount of acid or base is added.

Condensation polymer

Formed by the reaction between functional groups on each monomer with the release of a small molecule.

Transition element

An element with an incomplete d-sublevel.

Ligand

A species that can donate a lone pair of electrons to a transition metal ion to form a coordination bond.

Coordination bond

A covalent bond formed when both of the shared electrons are donated by one of the atoms.

Standard enthalpy of formation

The energy change required to form 1 mole of a substance from its elements in their standard states under standard conditions.

Lattice enthalpy

The energy change required to separate 1 mole of an ionic compound into its gaseous ions.

Enthalpy of atomization

The energy change required to produce 1 mol of gaseous atoms from an element in its standard state.

Entropy

A measure of the distribution of matter and/or energy in a system.

(Often described as 'disorder')

Chiral carbon

A carbon that is bonded to 4 distinct groups.

Lewis acid

Electron pair-acceptor.

Lewis base

Electron pair-donor.

Carbocation

A positively charged carbon species.

Standard electrode potential

The electric potential difference between a half-cell and the standard hydrogen electrode.

Electroplating

The process of coating an object with a thin layer of metal.

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