GI tract (5) - AH 311

Anorexia

Lack of appetite

Anorexia nervosa

Loss of appetite associated with emotional problems

What is anorexia a sign of?

Malignancy or liver disease

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

What are signs for ascites?

Neoplasm, inflammatory disorders of the abdomen, high blood pressure caused by cirrhosis (liver disease)

Treatment for ascites?

Diuretic drugs & paracentesis

Borborygmi

Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract

What is a sign of burborygmi?

Gastroenteritis & diarrhea

Constipation

Difficulty passing stools

Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)

Persistent constipation without cause

. Diarrhea

Frequent passage of loose , watery stools

Dysphasia

Difficulty swallowing

Eructation

Gas expelled through the anus

Hematochezia

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

What can cause hematochezia?

Hemorrhoids, colitis, ulcers, polyps , cancer

Jaundice (icterus)

Yellow-orage coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Melena

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

What test shows melena?

Stool guaiac testing

Steatorrhea

Fat in the faces

What can cause steatorrhea?

Pancreatitis and intestinal disease

Aphthous stomatitis

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Ulcers of Aphthous stomatitis are called?

Cankers

Dental caries

Tooth decay

Herpetic stomatitis

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with herpesvirus

Oral leukoplakia

White plaques or patches the on mucosa of the month

What can cause evil leukoplakia?

Chronic tobacco use

What is another name for hermetic stomatitis?

Fever blisters or cold sores (HSV1)

Periodontal disease

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

What cause gingivitis?

Accumulation of dental plaque or tartar

Achalasia

Failure of the lower esophagus (LES) muscle to relax

Esophageal cancer

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

What is the most common symptom of esophageal cancer?

Dysphasia

Barrett esophagus

Long-term irritation of the esophagus caused by gastric reflex

Esophageal varies

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end the esophagus

Gastric cancer

Malignant tumor of the stomach

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Hiatal hernia

The upper stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm, which can lead to GERD

Inguinal hernia

A small loop of bowel protrudes through 9 weak Lowe undominal wall surrounding muscles

What is repair of a hernia?

Herniorrhaphy (-rrhaphy=suture)