CPCE Exam Prep: Helping Relationships, Career Development, and Assessment (Regular Style)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering major theories in helping relationships, career development, and assessment for the CPCE exam.

Carl Rogers

Developer of Person-Centered Therapy who believed people naturally move toward growth via Empathy, Congruence, and Unconditional Positive Regard.

Core Conditions (Rogers)

The three essential elements for therapy: Empathy, Congruence, and Unconditional Positive Regard ($UPR$).

Fritz Perls

Founder of Gestalt Therapy which focuses on awareness, the "Here and Now," and resolving "Unfinished Business."

Gestalt Techniques

Methods such as the Empty Chair, Dream Work, and Role Play used to create change through awareness and responsibility.

Albert Ellis

Founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ($REBT$) who believed irrational beliefs create emotional distress.

ABCDE Model

A technique used in $REBT$ involving the disputation of irrational thoughts and "Musturbation."

Aaron Beck

Founder of Cognitive Therapy who focused on how automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions affect emotions.

Alfred Adler

Founder of Individual Psychology who emphasized how inferiority motivates growth, social interest, and the impact of birth order.

William Glasser

Founder of Reality Therapy and Choice Theory, emphasizing that people are responsible for their behaviors.

WDEP

The specific technique associated with William Glasser's Reality Therapy.

Viktor Frankl

Founder of Logotherapy who believed humans seek meaning and purpose; often best for grief and existential concerns.

Irvin Yalom

Existential therapist who identifies human challenges as facing death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.

B.F. Skinner

Behavioral therapist known for Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Punishment, and Shaping.

Albert Bandura

Developer of Social Learning Theory, known for Modeling and the concept of Self-Efficacy.

Joseph Wolpe

Psychologist known for Systematic Desensitization, used to treat anxiety and phobias via relaxation and gradual exposure.

Arnold Lazarus

Founder of Multimodal Therapy known for the $BASIC-ID$ acronym (Behavior, Affect, Sensation, Imagery, Cognition, Interpersonal, Drugs/Biology).

Steve de Shazer

Known for Solution-Focused Therapy, which utilizes the Miracle Question, Scaling, and identifying Exceptions.

Murray Bowen

Family Systems therapist known for Differentiation of Self, Triangles (Triangulation), and Genograms.

Salvador Minuchin

Founder of Structural Family Therapy focusing on boundaries, enmeshment, and family structure.

Virginia Satir

Experiential Family therapist who identified five communication styles: Placater, Blamer, Computer, Distractor, and Congruent.

Jay Haley

Strategic Family therapist known for Directives and Paradoxical Interventions, such as prescribing the symptom.

Carl Whitaker

Experiential Family therapist who believed growth occurs through authentic emotional experiences.

Frank Parsons

Known as the "Father of Career Counseling" and founder of Trait and Factor Theory, which matches a person's traits with occupational requirements.

John Holland

Created the $RIASEC$ model, suggesting people seek work environments matching their personality types ($Realistic$, $Investigative$, $Artistic$, $Social$, $Enterprising$, $Conventional$).

Holland's Congruence

The level of match between a person's personality type and their work environment.

Donald Super

Developer of the Life-Span Life-Space Theory, involving stages such as Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, and Disengagement.

John Krumboltz

Associated with the Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making and the concept of Planned Happenstance.

Anne Roe

Proposed a Needs Theory where parent-child relationships and childhood experiences influence career choice.

Linda Gottfredson

Known for the theory of Circumscription (eliminating options) and Compromise (choosing realistic alternatives).

Eli Ginzberg

Developed a career theory consisting of three stages: Fantasy, Tentative, and Realistic.

Tiedeman and O'Hara

Theorists who viewed career decisions as a part of identity development and focused on the decision-making process.

John O. Crites

Theorist known specifically for the concept of Career Maturity, often associated with Donald Super.

WAIS-IV

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, used to measure IQ and cognitive functioning in individuals aged $16+$.

WISC-V

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, used for diagnosing learning disabilities and giftedness.

MMPI-2

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the most tested assessment for personality and psychopathology.

MCMI

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, used for assessing personality disorders in clinical populations.

16PF

The $16$ Personality Factors test, used to measure normal personality traits in assessment and career counseling.

Projective Tests

Assessments like the Rorschach (inkblots) and the $TAT$ (storytelling) where clients explain ambiguous stimuli.

Strong Interest Inventory

A career assessment based on Holland's $RIASEC$ theory used for career exploration.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

A tool used to measure the severity of depression symptoms and monitor treatment progress.

Reliability

The consistency of a test, including types like Test-Retest, Interrater, and Internal Consistency.

Validity

The accuracy of a test; the extent to which it measures what it claims to measure (e.g., Content, Criterion, Construct).

Normal Distribution Rule

$68 \%$ of scores fall within $1$ standard deviation, $95 \%$ within $2$, and $99.7 \%$ within $3$ standard deviations.

Central Tendency

The Mean (average), Median (middle score), and Mode (most common score).

Positive Skew

A distribution where the tail points to the right and $\text{Mean} > \text{Median} > \text{Mode}$.

Negative Skew

A distribution where the tail points to the left and $\text{Mean} < \text{Median} < \text{Mode}$.

Z Score

A standard score with a $\text{Mean} = 0$ and a standard deviation ($SD$) of $1$.

T Score

A standard score with a $\text{Mean} = 50$ and a standard deviation ($SD$) of $10$.

Percentile Rank

The percentage of people scoring below an individual; it is not the percentage of questions answered correctly.

Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)

The expected measurement error that provides a likely range for a true score (e.g., $100 \pm 5$).