Week 4 Seedless and Seeded Plants

Stomata

Pores located in the epidermis of plants to allow gas exchange

Cuticle

Waxy coating of plant tissue to minimize desiccation

Xylem

Vessels that carry water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant

Phloem

Vessels that carry nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Rhizoids

Root-like structures found in non-tracheophyte plants

Charophyceans

Green algae that are close relatives of the land plants

Sporophyte

Multicellular diploid stage in a plant’s life cycle

Gametophyte

Multicellular haploid stage in a plant’s life cycle

Alternation of generations

Life cycle of plants

Zygote

Fertilized egg

algae

First land plants were related to ____

Charophyceans

Land plants most likely descended from ____

desiccation

The waxy cuticle prevents ____ in the air

Stomata

Specialized pores that allow exchange of gas which is prevented by waxy cuticle

Vascular tissues

Allow for efficient movement of materials throughout their complex bodies

mitosis

During the reproductive cycle of plants, ____ occurs between gametophyte generation and gamete formation (sperm and ova)

fertilization

During the reproductive cycle of plants, ____ occurs between gamete formation and sporophyte generation

meiosis

During the reproductive cycle of plants, ____ occurs between sporophyte generation and spore formation

germination mitosis

During the reproductive cycle of plants, ____ ____ occurs between spore formation and gametophyte generation

Nontracheophytes

Lack complex vascular tissues

Gymnosperms

Naked seeds of seed-bearing plants

Angiosperms

Flowering plants with seeds that develop within the ovary

Ovary

Vessel that matures and ripens into a fruit

lack

Nontracheophyte bryophytes ____ stomata on the surface of the thallus, true roots, stems, and leaves

have

Nontracheophyte bryophytes ____ rhizoids, stem-like parts, and leaf-like parts

Seed

Structure that house the embryos in seed plantsP

Pollen

Structure that contains male gametophytes and sperm

Fruit

structure of angiosperm plant that contains seeds

Endosperm

Tissue inside of seeds that supplies the embryo with nutrition

Dioecious

When a plant has two separate sexes

Dioecious

When a plant has only a single sex

Megaspores

Spores that develop into female gametophyte

Microspores

Spores that develop into pollen

Pistil

Female structure in a flower

Stamen

Male structure in a flower

Seed

____ allows plants to inhabit relatively dry habitats since its coating makes the offspring embryo resistant to desiccation

nutrition

Seeds offer embryo a source of ____ in the endosperm contained in the seed

male, sperm

Pollen contains ____ gametophytes and ____ cells in seed plants

female

Ovules give rise to and contain ____ reproductive cells in seed plants

gymnosperms, angiosperms

Ovules are located within female cones in ____ and within female flower parts in ____

tall

Rigid wood allows gymnosperms and angiosperms to grow ____

Gymnosperms

“naked seed” plants

Angiosperms

Flowering plants

Cycads

Dioecious; palm-like in appearance

Gingkos

Dioecious; broad, flat, flanshaped leaves; native to Asia

Gnetophytes

Possess vessel elements (more efficient water conducting cells in their xylem); reproductive parts resemble those of flowering plants

Conifers

Largest group of gymnosperms; most are monoecious but some are dioecious

eaten

Vegetative and reproductive structures of angiosperms are ____ by humans

Petals

Flowers have male and female reproductive parts protected by what?

gametes

Flowers protect developing ____

genetic diversity

Cross fertilization is important for ____ ____

pollen

Agents transfer ____ from flower to flower

female

Pollens germinate forming a pollen tube which grows through the ____ carpel

Pollen

____ tubes allow for the delivery of sperm to the egg in the ovule

Anther, filament

Name the parts of the stamen

Petal, sepal

Name the parts of the perianth

Stigma, style, ovary

Name the parts of the pistil

fruit

Seeds are contained in ____ of a plant

fungi

Plants and ____ evolved at the same time, but they’re not the same

water, minerals

Rhizoids and roots anchor plants and allow them to absorb ____ and ____

Vascular tissue

Transport water and nutrients through plants

Alternation of generations

Plant reproductive system in which alternates between a haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte

vascular

In ____ plants, green part of plant is the dominant diploid generation and the flower part is the haploid generation

near

Nonvascular plants grow ____ water

lack

Nonvascular plants ____ true tissues (roots, stems, leaves to transport water)

haploid

In nonvascular plants, gametophyte is dominant ____ generation

Archegonia

Structure that carries eggs (female)

Antheridia

Structure that contains sperms (male)

Moss

Phylum bryophyta; has sporophyte capsules (2n) and gametes

Epiphyte/flowering plant

Is Spanish moss a type of moss or an epiphyte/flowering plant

dominant, has

In seedless vascular plants, the sporophyte is ____, and it ____ vascular tissues (true leaves, stems, and roots)

Fiddlehead

Part of fern in which frond is uncurling

Sori

Clusters of spores on bottom of fern

Rhizome

Underground stem of a fern

Frond

The whole fern leaf; blade and stipe

Horsetails

“Scouring Rush”; species with stem covered in silica; photosynthesis occurs in stem because of little to no leaves

wind

Gymnosperms are mostly ____-pollinated with long life cycles

seeded, dominant, reduced

In gymnosperms and angiosperms (____ vascular plants), the sporophyte (2n) is ____ and the gametophytes (n) are ____ and dependent on the sporophyte

Heterosporous

Produce two kinds of spores

Pollen

Contains male gametophytes (sperm) which are carried from plant to plant

Monoecious

Single plant with male and female parts

Dioecious

Have separate male and female plants

Gymno

____sperms are heterosporous

Male

____ pinecones produce microsporangium with microspores which develop into pollen

Female

____ pinecones produce megasporium

Pollination

Pollen (carrying sperm) is transferred from one plant to another

Fertilization

Sperm and egg come together to form an embryo which develops into a seed

Anthophyta

All angiosperms belong to a single phylum of ____

more

Angiosperms have flowers and fruit which results in ____ efficient dispersal of gametes

Perfect flowers

Monoecious flowers that have both male and female parts

Imperfect flowers

Dioecious flowers that have either male or female but not both

Dicot

Angiosperm with branched veins, broad leaves, 4-5 petals, two cotyledons, and vascular bundles in a ring

Monocot

Angiosperm with parallel veins, narrow leaves, 3 petals, one cotylendon, and scattered vascular bundles

pollen, ovules

The anther contains ____, and the ovary contains ____

fruit, seeds

The ovary becomes the ____, and the ovules become the ____