BIO 202 (MCC) - The Cardiovascular System - Heart

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/18

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 5:13 AM on 6/15/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

19 Terms

1
New cards

Where is the heart located?

Middle mediastinum.

2/3 of the heart's mass is just barely to the left of the midline.

<p>Middle mediastinum.</p><p>2/3 of the heart's mass is just barely to the left of the midline.</p>
2
New cards

Apex of the heart

Projects inferiorly and laterally

<p>Projects inferiorly and laterally</p>
3
New cards

Base of the Heart

Tipped up medially and posteriorly

<p>Tipped up medially and posteriorly</p>
4
New cards

Pericardium

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart and retains its position in the mediastinum

<p>Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart and retains its position in the mediastinum</p>
5
New cards

Fibrous Pericardium

A very dense and non-flexible connective tissue that helps protect and anchor the heart.

<p>A very dense and non-flexible connective tissue that helps protect and anchor the heart.</p>
6
New cards

Serous Pericardium

Subdivided into a Parietal Layer which adheres to the outermost fibrous layer and a Visceral Layer which is also viewed as the outer surface of the heart wall.

A thin pericardial fluid lubricates the space between the visceral and parietal pericardium

<p>Subdivided into a Parietal Layer which adheres to the outermost fibrous layer and a Visceral Layer which is also viewed as the outer surface of the heart wall.</p><p>A thin pericardial fluid lubricates the space between the visceral and parietal pericardium</p>
7
New cards

Layers of the heart wall

From superficial to deep they are:

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

<p>From superficial to deep they are:</p><p>Epicardium</p><p>Myocardium</p><p>Endocardium</p>
8
New cards

Epicardium

Thin, transparent outer layer of the heart wall, is also called the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

<p>Thin, transparent outer layer of the heart wall, is also called the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.</p>
9
New cards

Myocardium

thick middle layer, is composed of cardiac muscle

<p>thick middle layer, is composed of cardiac muscle</p>
10
New cards

Endocardium

A simple squamous epithelium (known throughout the circulatory system as "endothelium")

<p>A simple squamous epithelium (known throughout the circulatory system as "endothelium")</p>
11
New cards

What are the 4 Chambers of the heart?

Right/Left Atria (upper 2 chambers)

Right/Left Ventricles (Lower 2 chambers)

<p>Right/Left Atria (upper 2 chambers)</p><p>Right/Left Ventricles (Lower 2 chambers)</p>
12
New cards

Right Heart

Consists of the right atrium and right ventricle, taking venous blood from the body and pumping it to the lungs for oxygenation

<p>Consists of the right atrium and right ventricle, taking venous blood from the body and pumping it to the lungs for oxygenation</p>
13
New cards

Left Heart

Consists of the left atrium and left ventricle, taking freshly oxygenated pulmonary blood and pumping it systemically (meaning to the body).

14
New cards

Top part of the heart

The "top part of the heart" is a weak pump consisting of the right and left atria. It loads the ventricles by giving an "atrial kick" before the ventricles contract.

15
New cards

Bottom Part of the Heart

The "bottom part of the heart" is a strong pump consisting of the right and left ventricles. It's the main pump for the pulmonary and systemic circuits

16
New cards

Atrial Kick

Responsible for only a 20% increase in the amount of blood ejected by the ventricles - important, but not essential.

"A-Fib" No atrial kick - blood still flows into the ventricles due to gravity.

17
New cards

Heart Valves

Blood always flows from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

The flow of blood (dictated by differences in pressure, not muscles), operates the valves of the heart.

Atrioventricular valves: Open to allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles.

Outflow (semilunar): Open to allow blood to flow from the ventricles, into the outflow vessels.

<p>Blood always flows from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.</p><p>The flow of blood (dictated by differences in pressure, not muscles), operates the valves of the heart.</p><p>Atrioventricular valves: Open to allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles.</p><p>Outflow (semilunar): Open to allow blood to flow from the ventricles, into the outflow vessels.</p>
18
New cards

Atrioventrical valves (AV)

Positioned at the entrance to the ventricles:

The right AV valve (also called the tricuspid valve because of its three leaflets or cusps) opens into the right ventricle.

The left AV valve (also called the bicuspid or mitral valve) opens into the right ventricle.

<p>Positioned at the entrance to the ventricles:</p><p>The right AV valve (also called the tricuspid valve because of its three leaflets or cusps) opens into the right ventricle.</p><p>The left AV valve (also called the bicuspid or mitral valve) opens into the right ventricle.</p>
19
New cards

Outflow (Semilunar Valves)

The outflow valves are positioned at the entrance to the outflow vessels leading into the pulmonary and systemic circulation:

The right outflow valve (also called the pulmonary semilunar valve) opens into the pulmonary trunk.

The left outflow valve (also called the aortic semilunar valve) opens into the aortic arch.

<p>The outflow valves are positioned at the entrance to the outflow vessels leading into the pulmonary and systemic circulation:</p><p>The right outflow valve (also called the pulmonary semilunar valve) opens into the pulmonary trunk.</p><p>The left outflow valve (also called the aortic semilunar valve) opens into the aortic arch.</p>