Q5: Hormones, sex, sleep, and hunger

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In the Leaky Barrel model of hunger, the hole in the barrel where the water leaks out is analogous to

The consumption of energy by the body

Which of the following hormones is associated with male sex characteristics

Androgens and testosterone

The exact mechanisms of how emotion is processed in the brain is still unknown. However, studies have found that the amygdala plays a significant role in assigning the emotional weight of events and experiences

Both statements are true

This hormone is primarily called the “stress hormone,” which increases blood glucose and reduces inflammation to prepare for action

Cortisol

This gland is often called the “master gland” as it control the functions of other endocrine elements in the body

Pituitary

Which of the following has no impact on the types of flavors humans find attractive in their food?

None of the above

This is a pathologicla pattern of eating characterized by the consumption of food followed by purging through vomiting / other compensatory behaviors

Bulimia nervosa

This method of gathering data in biopsychology was used to measure the different brainwaves produced in the stages of sleep.

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

In the Leaky Barrel model of hunger, the barrel’s weight on the hose — which lessens the water pressure — is analogous to

The strength of satiety or “feeling full”

The following brain structures are part of the basal ganglia except

Pituitary gland

This hormone is most related to the ability of the human body to fall asleep

Melatonin

Ekman and Friesen’s studies on faical expressions found the following primaary emotions except

Embarrassment

An object that is potentially unhealthy and contains toxins is likely to taste sour. This is a result of an evolutionary process where humans learned what objects to consume and what objects are potentially hazardous.

Only the second statement is true

Disgust as an emotion is a “defensive behavior’ because

It focuses on preserving one’s safety

The two types of theories on hunger are the set-point assumption and positive-incentive theories. Set-point assumption theories look at hunger as a craving brought about by evolution, while positive-incentive theories look at the positive increase in nutrients brought about by food.

Only the first statement is true.

The sympathetic nervous system activates the body and allows it to consume energy. Which of the following bodily changes are involved when the sympathetic nervous system activates

All of the above

The following items are all hormones except

Norepinephrine

Which of the following changes happen in both male and female bodies due to the presence of sex hormones?

All of the above

Exposure to different levels of sex hormones as an embryo leads to the differentiation of the genitals. Exposure to testosterone leads to the formation of testes, while exposure to androgen leads to the formation of ovaries.

Only the first statement is true.

The circadian rhythm of a species refers to their sleep cycle — from REM sleep to non-REM sleep. This rhythm is governed by the sleep hormone known as serotonin.

None of the statements are true

Insomnia refers to a disruption in normal sleep patterns. These include the inability to fall asleep, waking up at inappropriate times, or multiple disruptions of sleep in one night.

Both statements are true

Hormones activate only during the development stage known as puberty. During this stage, the body undergoes rapid changes due to the activation of sex hormone production by the pineal gland.

None of the statements are true

Hormones are produced by glands, which are organs separate from the nervous system. However, while glands are not part of the nervous system, they work hand-in-hand with nervous signals.

Both statements are true