physics unit 1 Sem 2

Center of gravity

An imaginary point in a body of matter where the total weight of the body is thought to be concentrated.

Translational motion

The center of gravity moves from one location to another, caused by a net force. Force is the ability to cause an acceleration of an object.

Rotational motion

The object moves in circular motion about its center of gravity, caused by a net torque.

Torque

The ability of a force to cause an angular acceleration of an object.

Clockwise

In the same direction as the way in which the hands of a clock move around.

Counterclockwise

In the opposite direction as the way in which the hands of a clock move around.

Pivot

The point where the object will rotate.

Fulcrum

The point where the object will rotate.

Axis of rotation

The point where the object will rotate.

Units of torque

N x m.

Static equilibrium

Occurs when the object is in translational equilibrium and rotational equilibrium.

Translational equilibrium

Occurs when the net external force acting on an object is zero, resulting in the object either remaining stationary or moving at a constant velocity in a straight line (no acceleration).

Rotational equilibrium

Occurs when a system has a constant angular velocity and a net torque of zero.

Period

The time it takes to make one full revolution.

Centripetal acceleration

An object in uniform circular motion is always changing velocity, with acceleration pointed toward the object’s center.

Centripetal force

The horizontal component of the normal force; the vertical component of the normal force balances the car’s weight.

Gravitational field strength

Measures the force of gravity experienced per unit mass at a specific point, measured in Newtons per kilogram (N/kg).

Universal Law of Gravitation

F = (G)(m1)(m2)/r².

Universal Gravitation Constant

6.67 × 10^-11 m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻².