AP Gov Flashcards

Amendments, Constitutional clauses, required Supreme Court cases, foundational documents

1st Amendment

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

2nd Amendment

protects rights to bear arms

3rd Amendment

prevents government from forcing people to house soldier

4th Amendment

protects against ureasonable searches and seizures

5th Amendment

ensures due process

6th Amendment

speedy and public trial, right to attorney

7th Amendment

right to jury trial in civil cases

8th amendment

prevents cruel or unusual punishments

9th amendment

more rights that what is said in constitution

10th amendment

all other powers given to the people

11th amendment

can’t sue state if not live there

12th amendment

separate ballot from president and vice president

13th amendment

abolish slavery

14th amendment

citizenship and equal protection under the law

15th amendment

can’t deny vote by race1

16th amendment

federal income tax1

17th amendment

direct election of senators

18th amendment

prohibit alcohol

19th amendment

women’s right

20th amendment

president line of succession2

21st amendment

repealed prohibition2

22nd amendment

two terms

23rd amendment

washington D.C gets 3 electoral votes2

24th amendment

no poll taxes

25th amendment

procedure for presidential succession

26th amendment

lower voting age to 18

27th amendment

congress cannot raise pay

supremacy clause

the constitution, federal laws, and treaters are the supreme law of the land, overriding any confliction state laws

necessary and proper clause (elastic clause)

allows congress to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers

commerce clause

grants congress the power to regulate commerce among the several states

taxing and spending clause

grants congress the power to lay and collect taxes to pay debts and provide for the general welfare

treaty clause

allows the president to make treaties with the advice and consent of the senatea

appointments clause

allows the president to appoint federal officers with the advice and consent of the senate

take care clause

requires the president to take care that the laws be faithfully executed

presentment clause

requires that every bill passed by both houses of congress be presented to the president; the president may sign or veto

vesting clause

all legislative powers are vested in a congress of the US

privileges or immunities clause

protects citizens from state infringement of fundamental rights

due process clause

protects individuals from being deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law by the federal or state government

equal protection clause

requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons within their jurisdiction

habeas corpus clause

protects against unlawful imprisonment; the writ of habeas corpus cannot be suspended except in cases of rebellion or invasion

ex post facto clause

prohibits congress from passing any laws punishing an act committed when it wasn’t illegal

bills of attainder clause

prohibits congress from passing laws that punish individuals without a trial

establishment clause

prohibits congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion

free exercise clause

protects individuals’ right to practice their religion freely

origination clause

requires that all bills for raising revenue originate in the house of representatives

reserved powers clause

reserved powers not delegated to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states, to the states or to the people

marybury v. madison

in deciding this case about judicial appointments, the court established the principle of judicial review, empowering the supreme court to declare an act of the legislative or executive branch unconstitutional

mcculloh v maryland

in deciding this case about a national bank and state taxes, the court established supremacy of the US constitution and federal laws over state laws

schenk v US

speech creating a clear and present danger was not protected by the first amendment and could be limited

brown v board of education

race based school segregation violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment

baker v carr

this case held that redistrcting did not raise poltical questions, allowing federal courts to hear other cases that challenge redistricting plans that may violate the equal protection clause

gideon v wainwright

6th amendment right to an attorney extends procedural due process protections to felony defendants in state courts

tinker v. des moines

prohibition against public school students wearing black armbands in school to protest the vietnam war wiolated the students freedom of speech protections

new yourk times co v US

case bolstered freedom of press prtections, establishing a heavy presumption against prior restrain even in cases involving national securityw

wisconsin v yoder

compelling amish students to attend school past eighth grade violates free exercise clause

shaw v reno

majority minority districts may be constitutionally challenged by voters if race is the only factor used in creating the district

US v lopez

congress exceeded its power under the commerce clause when it made possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime

engel v. vitale

school sponsorship of relgious activites violates establishment clause

mcdonald v. chicago

second amendment right to keep and bear arms for self defense is applicable to the states

citizens united v FEC

poltiical spending by coroporations is a for of protected speech