band final

I only did concepts that are not like common knowledge or are just like a little niche ig

enharmonic equivalent

two notes that sound the same but are written differently (like C# and Db or E# and F)

tonic note of a scale

the base note, aka root, the scale is based off of (ex. C is the tonic of C major, Ab is the tonic of Ab minor, etc)

natural minor

like a major scale, but you flat the 3rd, 6th, and 7th

harmonic minor

like a natural minor scale, but don’t flatten the 7th

melodic minor

like a natural minor scale, but don’t flat the 6/7 going up and flat them going down

relative keys

keys that have the same key signature (like C major and A minor)

parallel keys

two keys that share the same tonic (like F major and F minor)

simple meter

beat divides into two equal parts (like 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 3/2, 2/2, etc.)

compound meter

beat divides into three equal parts (like 6/8, 9/8/ 12/8, etc.)

macro beat

the “big” beat that gets further divided into the micro beat. in a compound meter, a dotted quarter note is the macro beat

micro beat

subdivisions of the macro beat that helps determine if a meter is simple or compound depending on if the macro beat splits into two (simple meter) or three (compound meter) micro beats

generic interval

purely based on note distance. there is no major, minor, augmented, diminished business. ex: A to B, Ab to B, A# to B, etc. are all generic 2nd intervals

specific intervals

like a generic interval, but includes a quality (perfect, major, minor, augmented, diminished)

perfect interval

applies to unison’s, 4ths, 5ths, and octaves. the note is unaltered from the normal scale; it is basically like a major interval. ex: F is a perfect fourth away from C or D is a perfect fifth away from G

major interval

applies to 2nds, 3rds, 6ths, and 7ths. the note is unaltered from the normal scale. ex: B is a major third away from G

minor interval

applies to 2nds, 3rds, 6ths, and 7ths. the note is a semitone smaller than the major. ex: D is a minor third away from B

augmented interval

one semitone larger than a major or perfect interval

diminished interval

one semitone smaller than a minor or perfect interval

triad

a set of three notes to play a chord (root, third, fifth)

major triad

Root, major third, perfect fifth. sounds bright and happy

minor triad

Root, minor third, perfect fifth. sounds sad and darker than major

augmented triad

Root, major third, augmented fifth. sounds tense and unstable

diminished triad

Root, minor third, diminished fifth. sounds very tense and unstable

what is an inversion?

when the root is not the bass pitch

root position (inversions)

root is in the bass. this is the default form of a chord

first inversion

the third is in the bass

second inversion

the fifth is in the bass

major seventh (M7) chord

Root, major third, perfect fifth, major seventh. it is a major triad + the major seventh

dominant seventh (7) chord

Root, major third, perfect fifth, minor seventh. it is a major triad + the minor seventh

minor seventh (m7) chord

Root, minor third, perfect fifth, minor seventh. it is a minor triad + the minor seventh

half diminished 7 (ø7) chord

Root, minor third, diminished fifth, minor seventh. it is a diminished triad + the minor seventh

diminished 7 aka fully diminished (o7) chord

Root, minor third, diminished fifth, diminished seventh. it is a diminished triad + the diminished seventh. watch out because a diminished fifth is only one semitone away from being “normal” while the diminished seventh is two (because a fifth is weird and does the perfect interval business)