Voter Behavior AP Gov

Citizens using the ___ voting model will ___ to see the prospect of new jobs and increased tax revenues and decide on that basis to support legalizing gaming.

prospective, look ahead

Smith v. Allwright (1944) held the ___ a violation of the Constitution’s ___ clause.

white primary, equal protection

As of 1920 when the ___ Amendment was ratified, citizens shall not be denied the right to vote by the ___ or the United States 'on the account of ___.'

Nineteenth, states, gender

Certain people are excluded by law from voting in some states, including ___ and people ruled to be ___.

felons, mentally incompetent

If Republicans are in control of Congress and the White House, and a bad economy ensues on their watch, a voter registered as an Independent will likely cast their vote for the Democrats using the ___ voting model.

retrospective

Citizens who could legally vote if they wished are called the ___.

voting-eligible population

Parts of the 1965 Voting Rights Act were struck down by the Supreme Court in ___ because the burdens placed on the states.

Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

Many Southern states established loopholes to circumvent the Fifteenth Amendment. What are three structural barriers that could explain why the number of registered Black voters declined?

Literacy test, poll tax, and white primary

Six percent of voters reported registering at the polls on election day at a ___, ___, ___, or registration booth.

school, hospital, campus

Citizens shall not be denied the right to vote by the states or the United States 'on account of ___,' according to the ___ Amendment which was ratified in 1870.

race, color or previous condition of servitude, 15

If a voter cannot make it to the polls, he or she can vote by ___ and mail a completed ballot instead.

absentee ballot

Senior citizens vote in reliably ___.

high numbers

When did the Catholic vote peak with the Democrats?

In 1960 with FDR

States imposed ___ in determining who could vote but they also imposed ___ and ___.

religious tests, property requirements, poll taxes

A simple fee required to vote—the ___—became one of the most effective ways to discourage the potential black voter.

poll tax

African Americans were kept from voting in state primaries by state party organizations who defined its membership as white men’s club only. Therefore, the ___ limited participation to white members only.

white primary

In 1913, the ___ allowed for popular elections for senators which forced the two federal senators from each state to begin to pay more attention to how ___ in their state regarded them.

Seventeenth Amendment, citizen-voters

Many citizens who have the right to vote choose not to exercise it due to ___, a lack of concern for the election outcome is voter apathy.

voter apathy

Having the qualification for voting is also called ___.

suffrage

The most important political issues of the day have an influence on how citizens choose to cast their votes. Ex: the “___” voter looks at the economy, and if the nation is in an economic downturn, the ___ is usually.

pocketbook, incumbent

Senior citizens turnout results from older citizens having ___ and understanding of the ___, regular ___, and likely ___—property, investments, and Social Security and Medicare.

more experience, political process, voting habits, more at stake

While African Americans were prevented from voting with literacy tests and the poll tax, illiterate and poor whites circumvented the test and tax with the ___, which allowed states to recognize a registering voter as it.

grandfather clause

The federal elections that occur midway through a president’s terms—called the ___—have a ___ turnout than the presidential contest.

midterm elections, lower

One ___ voter might approach the voting booth with his or her own individual interests atop their priority list—who will help me obtain medical care, for example—and as a result consciously decide what choice.

rational-choice

The right to vote is also known as the ___.

franchise

Women’s suffrage became a national reality with ratification of the ___ Amendment in 1920.

Nineteenth

To ___ and to ___ of having to make a special effort to register to vote Congress passed the National Voter Registration Act in 1993.

increase citizen participation, alleviate the burden

___ is the enrollment in the electoral roll.

Voting registration

The most common form of political participation is ___.

voting

The 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, and 26th Amendments are the ___ amendments.

suffrage

The number of voters who ___ as a percentage of the voting age population is ___.

actually cast votes, voter turnout

Aligned with ___ in their earlier years, the ___ struck a tight relationship with FDR’s party during the implementation of ___ policies.

Socialists, labor unions, New Deal

The decision-making process voters use when choosing a candidate can be influenced by several models. Using the ___ model, for example, citizens will ___ to consider candidates’ ___ such as their accomplishments while in office.

retrospective voting, look backward, track records

Now numbering well over 43 million, which is the fastest growing minority in the U.S.?

Hispanics

The ___ Amendment, ratified in 1964, states citizens shall not be denied the right to vote by the states or the United States “by reason of ___ or other ___.”

Twenty-fourth, failure to pay any poll tax, tax

How many states allow felons to vote while in prison?

Two (Vermont and Maine and also DC)

President Nixon claimed 11 million young men and women who 'have participated in the life of our nation through their work...are to be fully included in the electoral process of our country.' What was he referring to?

26th amendment

The ballot Americans use to vote in secret is called the Australian ballot. Why?

This version of a voting ballot was first used in Australia.

Since the ratification of the ___ in 1971, the nation’s youngest voters have had the ___ turnout.

Twenty-sixth Amendment, lowest

What was the most effective bill to bring the black populace into the political process?

1965 Voting rights Act

The ___ is the difference in political views between men and women and how these views are expressed at the voting booth.

gender gap

Beginning in 1971 with the ___ Amendment, '___ years of age or older' shall not be denied the right to vote by the states or the United States 'on account of age.'

twenty-sixth amendment, eighteen

Each state has the same number of electors for the Electoral College as what?

The same number as senators and members of the House of Representatives.

Hispanics turnout in ___ percentages than whites and blacks.

lower

One of the easiest ways to divide and analyze voters is along gender lines. Harsh ___ and the ___ tend to be opposed by women more than men.

punishments, death penalty

___, nearly as large of a group as the evangelicals, have historically voted with the ___ Party but today vote for both parties due to constituting such a large swath of the electorate.

Catholics, Democratic

Voter turnout among ___ reached about 70 percent in 2016.

registered voters

Guinn v. United States (1915) ruled that the ___ was unconstitutional.

grandfather clause

A leading suffragist she spoke at political conventions, helped organize different associations and convicted for illegally voting in the 1872 presidential election. What woman has an amendment nicknamed after her?

Susan B. Anthony

___ voters have consciously decided what choice would most directly affect them or represents their values, and they vote accordingly.

Rational-choice

One of the easiest ways to divide and analyze voters is along gender lines. ___ tend to favor government spending more on welfare and are less war-prone.

Women

The 1965 Voting Rights Act gave the Department of Justice jurisdiction over which states?

States that had any type of voting test and States that had less than 50 percent black voter turnout in the 1964 election.

A retiring citizen about to collect Social Security votes for the candidate promising to protect the Social Security system. This citizen is using which voting model?

Rational-choice voting

Voters who have supported losing candidates or did not experience the change promised during a campaign feel a ___, and they may see ___ in the next election.

lack of efficacy, little reason to vote

Many citizens who have the right to vote choose not to exercise it due to feeling no ___ or sense that their vote makes a difference.

political efficacy

Section Five of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 declared states under the jurisdiction of the Justice Department would be subject to ___ and the ___ provision.

federal election examiners, preclearance

When there is a discrepancy with registration records at the polling place a ___ is used and ___ until election officials verify that voting occurred at the correct polling place based on the voter’s registration address.

provisional ballot, set aside

Because the ___ Party ___ people and ___ African Americans after the Civil War, blacks largely sided with the party during the first generation at the voting booths.

Republican, freed enslaved, enfranchised

Small business owners want ___ and interference by the state in the business world, ___ taxes and an ability to ___ which usually results in voting for the ___ Party.

less regulation, lower, make more profits, Republican

Some groups—gender, age, education level, race and ethnicity, and religious beliefs—tend to vote in ___. These groups are known as ___.

noticeable patterns, voting blocs

The ___, also known as the National Voter Registration Act, addresses national standards and enforcement of voter registration, mail-in registration, and government agency-based registration.

motor-voter law

The ___ vote straddles the ideological spectrum. The Papacy ___ thereby aligning with Republican ideals, yet the church ___ and ___ positions embraced by more Democrats than Republicans.

Catholic, denounces birth control and abortion, opposes the death penalty, promotes charity

Jewish voters, who comprise about ___ percent of the electorate, participate in large numbers and vote mainly with the ___.

2, Democrats

Among those who have a higher voter turnout are the ___—those who are legal and have taken the extra step of registration.

registered voters

Religions share certain beliefs among their members and often tend to vote as ___.

blocs

Catholic faith and custom are defined largely by papal decrees from Rome, which have established some strict rules and beliefs. What are papal decrees?

The Pope's orders

African Americans tend to have a less favorable view of the ___ system than whites with 51 percent favoring abolishing the ___ compared to only 23 percent of whites.

criminal justice, death penalty

While the majority of the Latino voting population has sided with Democrats on ___, ___, and ___, ___ have a history of favoring Republicans.

urban, minority, labor issues, Cuban Americans

Opposing harsh punishments, death penalty and war while favoring more welfare have resulted in more women voting with the ___ Party.

Democratic

By far the largest religious group is made up of ___ and other ___ denominations, and this group has consistently voted for ___ candidates.

Protestant, Christian, Republican