Renal Cancer, Trauma, and Prostate Cancer Lecture Notes

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the risk factors, manifestations, diagnostics, and treatments for prostate cancer, renal cancer, and renal trauma based on the lecture transcript.

Prostate Cancer

The second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in men.

Prostate Cancer Risk Factors

Increasing age, familial predisposition, and African American race.

Prostate Cancer Manifestations

Early disease has few or no symptoms; may include urinary obstruction, blood in urine or semen, and painful ejaculation.

Prostate Cancer Assessment Findings

Abnormal findings with DRE (Digital Rectal Examination), Serum PSA, and TRUS (Transrectal Ultrasound) with Biopsy.

"Stony hard" lesion

An abnormal finding during a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) indicative of prostate cancer.

TURP

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate; a surgical method used to remove tissue for needle biopsy.

Radical Prostatectomy

The complete surgical removal of the prostate.

Post-Surgical Prostatectomy Complications

Hemorrhage, clots, catheter obstruction, and sexual dysfunction.

Renal Cancer Risk Factors

Significant risk factor is tobacco use; higher incidence in men with increased BMI and African Americans.

Renal Cancer Manifestations

May be asymptomatic or present only with painless hematuria and dull back pain.

Renal Cancer Diagnostic Procedures

Intravenous (IV) urography, cystoscopic examination, renal angiograms, ultrasonography, and CT scan.

Nephron-sparing surgery

Also known as a Partial Nephrectomy; a surgical treatment for renal cancer.

Renal Artery Embolization

A treatment modality used in the management of renal cancer.

Renal Cancer Pharmacological Therapy

Includes chemotherapy, Interleukin therapy, and Interferon therapy.

Renal Contusion

Bruises or hemorrhages located under the renal capsule.

Minor Laceration (Renal)

Superficial disruption of the renal cortex.

Major Laceration (Renal)

Parenchymal disruption extending into the cortex and medulla.

Vascular Injury (Renal)

Tears of the renal artery or vein.

Hematuria

The most common clinical manifestation of renal trauma.

Renal Trauma Manifestations

Pain, renal colic, mass or swelling in the flank, ecchymoses, and lacerations or wounds of the lateral abdomen and flank.

Renal Trauma Management Goals

Control hemorrhage, pain, and infection while preserving and restoring renal function.

Aggressive fluid resuscitation

A required treatment for renal trauma patients often in shock.