PSYC 102 FINAL EXAM LA TECH

Psychology

The science of behavior and mental process

Hindsight bias

After a major sporting event Jane said, "i knew our team was going to win all along!" Despite expressing doubts before the game. Which bias does Jane's statement illustrate.

Double blind study

A pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug to treat headaches. In the study, neither the

participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the actual drug and who is receiving the

placebo. What type of study is this?

Positive correlation

During the summer months, ice cream sales increase significantly. This trend is an example of

what kind of correlation between ice cream sales and the season of summer

Meta-analysis

Professor Atkins is statistically combining the results of multiple studies that have

examined the influence of violence in media on aggressive behavior among adolescents. She is

conducting a(n):

Illusory correlation

John believes that every time he wears his lucky socks, his favorite team wins. However, there

is no real connection between the socks and the team's performance. What psychological

phenomenon is John experiencing?

The sum of all data points divided by the number of data points

What is the mean in a set of data

The amount of sunlight each plant receives

A researcher conducts an experiment to determine how different amounts of sunlight affect the

growth of a plant. Three groups of plants are exposed to 4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours of

sunlight per day. All other conditions, such as water, soil, and temperature are kept consistent.

What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Motor neurons

The neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the body's

muscles, organs, and tissues are the:

Occipital lobe

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in vision

Sympathetic nervous system

Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for initiating the fight-or-flight

response in the body?

corpus callosum

Which structure of the brain is responsible for connecting the left and right cerebral

hemispheres and facilitating communication between them?

Genes

What is the term for biochemical units of heredity that are made up of sequences of

nucleotides?

Genome

An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called a

Epigenetics

Which term refers to the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes

to the DNA sequence itself?

evolutionary psychology

Which field of psychology focuses on how processes, like natural selection, influence

human behavior and mental processes?

The enhance the formation and stretching of neural connections

How do early stimulating experiences influence brain development

Concentional

In Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which of the following terms is used

to describe the level where individual's adhere to societal rules and laws to gain social approval

and maintain order?

The process of modifying existing cognitive schemas to incorporate new information

In jean pigaets theory of cognitive development what does the term "accommodation" refer to

The role of body contact and comfort in the formation of attachment

In Harlow's studies with infant monkeys, what was demonstrated by the preference of the

monkey's for a soft, comforting surrogate mother over a wire mother that provided food?

Establishing a sense of basic trust versus mistrust

In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary focus of the first

stage, which occurs during infancy?

Naturalistic observation

What type of research design involves observing and recording behavior in a n aural setting without manipulation variables

A single cell formed by the fusion of 2 gametes

Zygote

Tracking the development of language skills in a group of children from birth to adolescence

Measures longitudinal study

The understand that objects contrive to exist even when they are not visible

What is object permanent in the context of child development

Formal operational stage

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to

think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations?

Bystander effect

What term refers to a situation in which the presence of others discourages an individual

from intervening in an emergency?

Added; removed

Positive reinforcement and punishment occur when something is _________, while negative

reinforcement and punishment occur when something is _______.

The tendency to believe that the world is fair and people get what they deserve

What does the just-world phenomenon refer to?

Deindividuation

Which phenomenon best explains why people might act in ways they normally wouldn't

when part of a large, anonymous crowd?

Chameleon Effect

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best

illustrates

Fundamental Attribution Error

Assuming that a classmate who is late to class is just disorganized, rather than thinking they

might have been stuck in traffic is an example of

The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors

Which of the following best describes the concept of "cognitive dissonance"

negative reinforcer

Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)

Socialization

Which concept refers to the gradual process by which an individual learns to behave in a

manner that is accepted by their culture?

Spontaneous Recovery

You put your money in the candy machine once and it takes your money but gives no candy,

you try again and once again it takes the money but you get nothing so you quit putting money in

the machine. Your response has been extinguished. Weeks later, you go back and try the

machine by putting money in the machine in hopes of getting candy. Coming back and trying

again and performing a previously extinguished response is referred to as__________

Conditioned response

A dog begins to salivate whenever it hears a bell because the bell has been repeatedly paired

with the presentation of food. The salivation response triggered by the bell is a:

Observational Learning

In Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, children who observed an adult aggressively

hitting a Bobo doll were more likely to imitate the aggressive behavior themselves. This type of

learning is known as:

Projection

Which of the following is a defense mechanism where an individual attributes their own

unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others?

Fixed ratio

A factory worker gets paid for every 10 widgets they produce. This is an example of which

schedule of reinforcement?

Physiological

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be satisfied

before all others?

Reaction formation

A person who is secretly feeling very angry with their boss starts to act overly polite and

friendly towards them. This behavior is an example of:

Super ego

Which part of Freud's personality structure is responsible for upholding moral standards and

often acts as a voice of conscience?

Worth and value

Self esteem refers to a persons overall sense of

Achieve goals and complete task

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to:

Major depressive disorder

Which of the following mental health conditions is characterized by persistent sadness, loss

of interest in activities, and significant impairment in daily functioning?

A false belief held with strong conviction despite evidence to the contrary

Which of the following best describes a delusion?

Combining techniques and theories from various therapeutic approaches based on the

client's needs

Which of the following best describes an eclectic approach to therapy?

Unconditional Positive Regard

Which of the following is a key component of client-centered therapy?

Impulsivity

Which of the following is a common symptom of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)?