Art 2 Flashcards

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What is acrylic paint?

A fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in an acrylic polymer emulsion.

What are the key components of acrylic paint?

Pigment, binder (acrylic polymer), and vehicle (water).

How does acrylic paint dry?

Acrylic paint dries through evaporation, unlike oil paint which cures through oxidation.

What historical period saw the development of acrylic paint?

Acrylics gained popularity in the 20th century, particularly in the 1950s.

Who were the Mexican Muralists?

Artists like Diego Rivera who sought durable paint for outdoor murals in the 1920s-1930s.

What significant development in acrylics occurred in the 1950s?

Liquitex created the first water-based acrylic paint.

What art movement popularized acrylic paints in the 1960s?

The Pop Art movement, exemplified by artists like Andy Warhol.

What are some historical applications of acrylic paint?

Used in social & political murals, Pop Art, Abstract Expressionism, and Hard-Edge Painting.

What is a key advantage of using acrylic paint?

Fast drying time allows for quick layering of colors.

What is a challenge of using acrylic paint?

Colors must be blended quickly before they set due to fast drying.

What is glazing in acrylic painting?

Applying thin, transparent layers of paint over a dried layer to create depth.

What does the term 'impasto' refer to?

Applying paint thickly to create texture and drama.

What is the definition of 'binder' in acrylic paint?

The 'glue' that holds pigment particles together, typically a clear plastic polymer resin.

What is viscosity in relation to acrylic paint?

The thickness or consistency of the paint, with heavy body acrylics being thick and fluid acrylics being thin.

What does 'opacity' mean in painting?

How much light passes through the paint; opaque covers completely, while transparent allows layers underneath to show.

What is lightfastness?

The ability of paint to resist fading when exposed to sunlight over time.

What is curing in the context of acrylic paint?

The process of the paint fully hardening, which can take days or weeks.

What is underpainting?

A preliminary layer of paint used to map out composition and values before final colors are added.

What are the differences between professional and student-grade colored pencils?

Artist-quality pencils have superior pigment concentration, smoother application, and greater lightfastness.

Name a popular professional brand of colored pencils.

Prismacolor Premier, Faber-Castell Polychromos, Caran d'Ache Luminance, or Derwent Coloursoft.

What is the technique for applying pigment with colored pencils?

Use small, circular strokes for easier blending of values/colors.

What is burnishing in colored pencil application?

Applying layers of colored pencil until the paper's texture is filled, resulting in a smooth finish.

How do you create a dimensional hue with colored pencils?

Blend at least two colors from the same family, avoiding extreme light and dark color combinations.

What are tints in colored pencil art?

Lighter versions of a hue achieved by layering a white colored pencil with base colors.

How do you create shades or tones in colored pencil art?

Introduce the base color's complementary color and deepen shades with dark, cool colors.

What is chromatic black?

A mix of dark, cool colors (like indigo blue, dark green, blue-violet) instead of using plain black.

What is the warning regarding wax build-up in colored pencil application?

Excessive pressure can cause wax to slide, resulting in a crayon-like texture instead of a smooth finish.

What is the Rule of Thirds in composition?

Divide artwork into three equal parts and place focal points on the dividing lines for a balanced structure.

What is the Rule of Odds in composition?

Using an odd number of objects creates a more aesthetically pleasing and interesting composition.

What does the Rule of Cropping entail?

Intentionally running objects off the edge of the picture plane to create a dynamic look.

What is the purpose of the Rule of Focal Point?

To make the most important element stand out by simplifying surrounding details or applying contrast.

What is the Rule of Overlapping in composition?

Placing elements on top of one another to unify the layout and create spatial depth.

What does the Rule of Direction involve?

Incorporating lines or shapes that guide the viewer's eye to the focal point and around the composition.

What is the Rule of Rest in composition?

Including negative space to give the viewer's eyes a place to pause and reset.

What is atmospheric perspective?

The illusion of depth where closer objects are detailed and distinct, while distant objects appear blurry and lighter.

What is value reversal in art?

Building light values on dark paper using light media, opposite of traditional shading.

What is scratchboard?

A thick board coated with white clay and black ink, where designs are carved away to reveal the white surface.

What is the subtractive method in scratchboard art?

An artistic process where material is removed to build the image, working from dark to light.

What are extreme lights and extreme darks in scratchboard?

Extreme lights are areas where ink is completely scratched away, while extreme darks are where the black ink remains intact.

What is a crucial rule when working with scratchboard?

Once an area is etched, it cannot be undone or fixed; pressing too hard can rip the board.

What precaution should be taken regarding skin oils when using scratchboard?

Rest your hand on clean paper to prevent oils from locking ink to the clay surface.

What is the first step in transferring a sketch to scratchboard?

Coat the back of your drawing with graphite pencil before tracing it onto the scratchboard.

What is the importance of using value contrast in scratchboard?

It helps to define edges and forms without relying on harsh outlines.

What should you avoid when placing extreme values in scratchboard art?

Avoid placing extreme lights directly next to other extreme lights to maintain balance.

Elements of Art

The building blocks of an artwork

Rule for using the Elements

An artist MUST use at least 1 element of art in order to create an actual artwork.

What happens if an artist does NOT follow the elements rule?

If an artist does not use at least 1 element of art, then that artist would have a…. In other words, they wouldn't have an artwork.

LINE

The mark of a tool such as a pencil, pen, paint brush, etc.

Types of line

Expressive, descriptive, and implied

SHAPE

An enclosed 2D space defined by a line.

Types of shapes

Geometric and organic

COLOR

The element of art that is produced when light strikes an object and is reflected back to the eye.

Properties of color

Hue, value, intensity

TEXTURE

How an object/artwork feels or appears to feel.

Types of texture

Actual and simulated (implied)

VALUE

The lightness or darkness of an object or color.

Shading

The physical act of using light & dark values to make objects look solid.

FORM

A 3D object that encloses a volume.

Basic forms

Cube, cone, sphere, cylinder

SPACE

The area above, around, or within something, creating the illusion of depth.

Ways to create space

Overlap, shading, placement, size, value/focus, perspective

Element analogy

Just like a baker would use ingredients to make a cake, an artist would use the elements to make an artwork.

How is the element rule applied?

At least 1 element must be used, but an artist can choose to use all 7 or just some.

The 7 elements of art

LINE, SHAPE, COLOR, TEXTURE, VALUE, FORM, SPACE

Why are the Principles of Art important?

set of directions that guide artists on how to use the elements of art to organize artworks and make them visually appealing.

What is Analogy in art?

the path the viewer's eye takes through the artwork, guiding their visual experience.

What is Movement in art?

the way elements are arranged to lead the viewer's eye through the artwork, creating a sense of action or flow.

What is Pattern in art?

the repetition of elements to create a cohesive and organized visual experience.

What is Contrast in art?

the use of opposing elements, such as light and dark or rough and smooth, to create visual interest.

What are the Types of Balance in art?

symmetrical balance, asymmetrical balance, and radial balance, each creating different visual effects.

What is Proportion in art?

the relationship in size between different elements of a composition, affecting the overall harmony.

What is Unity in art?

the sense of harmony and cohesiveness among the elements of a piece, making it feel complete.

What is Variety in art?

using different elements and principles to create visual interest and prevent monotony.

What is Rhythm in art?

a way to use elements repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement throughout the artwork.

What is Emphasis in art?

the technique used to draw attention to a particular area or element within the artwork, highlighting its importance.

Contour line

A drawing technique that defines the outline of a form and its interior structure without the use of shading.

Purpose of contour line drawings

To focus more on the object and not on your paper; an exercise in observing.

Blind contour line drawing

Drawing an object without looking at the paper.

Purpose of blind contour line drawing

To train the visual process side of your brain, not to draw a pretty picture.

Continuous contour line drawing

An exercise that requires the artist to draw the contour of the subject without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper.

Purpose of continuous contour line drawing

To encourage a fluid approach to drawing.

Cross-contour line drawing

Plotted lines that follow the form of the object, usually in neat continuous parallel lines.

Purpose of cross-contour line drawing

To show the object's three-dimensionality.

Characteristics of contour line drawings

Do not have sketchy marks/lines or shading/coloring.

What contour line drawings do have

Careful observations of the object's edge and structure lines to define reflections, shadows, wrinkles/curves.

Contour Line Drawing vs. Regular Drawing

Contour line drawing focuses on outlines and structure, while regular drawing may include shading and detail.

What is the construction drawing technique?

It is when an artist breaks down a complex object into basic shapes and then merges those shapes to draw the complex form.

What is the purpose of using basic shapes in construction drawing?

Basic shapes are used to simplify the complex object, making it easier to draw.

What are contour lines used for in construction drawing?

Contour lines are used to merge the basic shapes into the form and to add details.

What materials are used for drawing construction shapes in the assessment?

Colored pencil (any color except black or yellow) is used for drawing construction shapes.

What should be done with the construction shapes after they are drawn?

All construction shapes should remain on the paper; do not erase or cover them up.

What additional element should be included in the construction drawing?

Cast shadows should be added where seen.

What should not be done to the construction drawing after adding shapes?

Do not shade or add color other than the colored pencil used for the construction shapes.

What is the first step in the construction drawing technique?

Break down the complex object into basic shapes.

What is the final output expected from the construction drawing assessment?

A construction drawing of all objects in a still life photo provided by the instructor.

What is the significance of contour lines in the drawing process?

They help define the edges and details of the merged shapes to create a complete form.

What is a horizon line?

The invisible line where the sky meets the ground.

What is a vanishing point?

The point at which all orthogonal lines converge.

What are orthogonal lines?

The diagonal lines that converge at the vanishing point.

What is linear perspective?

A drawing technique that creates the illusion of depth.