[ANA] Practicals 8

ANTERIOR THIGH | Common innervation?

Femoral nerve (L2–L4)

ANTERIOR THIGH | Main action?

Knee extension

SARTORIUS | Origin?

ASIS

SARTORIUS | Insertion?

Medial tibia (Pes anserinus)

SARTORIUS | Innervation?

Femoral nerve (L2–L3)

SARTORIUS | Action?

Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg

SARTORIUS | Relations?

Lateral border femoral triangle; anteromedial border adductor canal

SARTORIUS | ID feature?

Long superficial strap muscle

PECTINEUS | Origin?

Superior pubic ramus

PECTINEUS | Insertion?

Upper linea aspera

PECTINEUS | Innervation?

Femoral ± Obturator nerve

PECTINEUS | Action?

Flexes, adducts thigh

ILIOPSOAS | Components?

Psoas major + Iliacus

ILIOPSOAS | Insertion?

Lesser trochanter

ILIOPSOAS | Innervation?

Femoral (iliacus), Lumbar plexus (psoas)

ILIOPSOAS | Action?

Powerful thigh flexor + lateral (external) rotator

ILIOPSOAS | Landmark?

Floor of femoral triangle

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS | Components?

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS | Insertion?

Patella → tibial tuberosity

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS | Innervation?

Femoral nerve

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS | Action?

Knee extension

RECTUS FEMORIS | Origin?

AIIS + ilium above acetabulum

RECTUS FEMORIS | Action?

Extends leg, flexes thigh

RECTUS FEMORIS | Tendon layer?

Superficial

VASTI | Action?

Knee extension

VASTI | Tendon layers?

Middle (lateralis/medialis), Deep (intermedius)

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS | Special?

Articularis genus retracts synovium

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS | Location?

Deep to rectus femoris

MEDIAL THIGH | Innervation?

Obturator nerve (L2–L4)

MEDIAL THIGH | Action?

Adduction

ADDUCTORS | Insertion?

Linea aspera

ADDUCTORS | Action?

Adduct thigh

GRACILIS | Insertion?

Medial tibia (Pes anserinus)

GRACILIS | Action?

Adducts thigh, flexes leg

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS | Insertion?

Linea aspera + adductor tubercle

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS | Dual innervation?

Obturator (adductor) + Sciatic (hamstring)

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS | Action?

Adduction; hamstring part extends thigh

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS | Insertion?

Medial greater trochanter

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS | Action?

Lateral rotation

FEMORAL TRIANGLE | Boundaries?

Sartorius (lat), Adductor longus (med), Inguinal ligament (sup)

FEMORAL TRIANGLE | Floor?

Iliopsoas + Pectineus + Adductor longus

FEMORAL TRIANGLE | Contents?

NAVeL

ADDUCTOR CANAL | Boundaries?

Sartorius (AM), Vastus medialis (lat), Adductor longus + magnus (post)

FEMORAL ARTERY | Origin?

External iliac artery

FEMORAL ARTERY | Course?

Inguinal ligament → adductor hiatus → popliteal artery

FEMORAL ARTERY | Pulse?

Mid-inguinal point

PROFUNDA FEMORIS ARTERY | Terminal branch?

4th perforating artery

FEMORAL VEIN | Relation?

Medial to artery

FEMORAL VEIN | Tributary?

Great saphenous vein

FEMORAL NERVE | Position?

Most lateral

FEMORAL NERVE | Divisions?

Anterior + Posterior

SAPHENOUS NERVE | Course?

Lateral → anterior → medial to femoral artery

SAPHENOUS NERVE | Sensory?

Anteromedial leg → big toe

NERVE TO VASTUS MEDIALIS | Relation?

Anterolateral to femoral artery

FEMORAL SHEATH | Contents?

Artery + Vein (NOT nerve)

GLUTEAL REGION | Main actions?

Hip extension, lateral rotation; assists knee extension via IT tract

GLUTEAL REGION | Safe injection?

Superolateral quadrant

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS | Action?

Extends, laterally rotates

GLUTEUS MEDIUS/MINIMUS | Action?

Abduct, stabilize pelvis; tilt pelvis during walking

PIRIFORMIS | Landmark?

Only muscle passing through greater sciatic foramen

PIRIFORMIS | Role?

Divides superior/inferior gluteal vessels

SCIATIC NERVE | Exit?

Below piriformis

HAMSTRINGS | Origin?

Ischial tuberosity

HAMSTRINGS | Innervation?

Sciatic (tibial division)

HAMSTRINGS | Action?

Hip extension + knee flexion

BICEPS FEMORIS | Action?

Flexes, laterally rotates leg

BICEPS FEMORIS SHORT HEAD | Exception?

Innervated by common fibular division

SEMITENDINOSUS/SEMIMEMBRANOSUS | Action?

Extend thigh, medially rotate leg

PES ANSERINUS | Components?

Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus

PES ANSERINUS | Mnemonic?

Say Grace before Tea

POPLITEAL FOSSA | Boundaries?

Biceps (SL), Semis (SM), Gastrocnemius (inf)

POPLITEAL FOSSA | Contents (deep→superficial)?

Artery → Vein → Nerve

POPLITEUS | Action?

Unlocks knee

POPLITEUS | Landmark?

Forms floor of distal popliteal fossa

SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN | Termination?

Popliteal vein

ANTERIOR LEG | Innervation?

Deep fibular nerve

ANTERIOR LEG | Action?

Dorsiflexion

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR | Action?

Dorsiflexion + inversion; supports medial arch

EHL | Action?

Extends big toe

EDL | Action?

Extends lateral 4 toes

LATERAL LEG | Innervation?

Superficial fibular nerve

LATERAL LEG | Action?

Eversion

PERONEUS LONGUS | Action?

Plantarflexion + eversion; supports transverse + lateral arches

PERONEUS BREVIS | Action?

Plantarflexion + eversion

POSTERIOR LEG | Innervation?

Tibial nerve

POSTERIOR LEG | Action?

Plantarflexion

GASTROCNEMIUS + SOLEUS | Form?

Achilles tendon

TARSAL TUNNEL | Contents?

TP, FDL, Posterior tibial artery, Vein, Tibial nerve, FHL

TARSAL TUNNEL | Mnemonic?

Tom, Dick, and A Very Nervous Harry

POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY | Landmark?

Behind medial malleolus

DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY | Continuation?

Anterior tibial artery

DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY | Pulse?

Lateral to EHL tendon

COMMON FIBULAR NERVE | Vulnerable site?

Neck of fibula

COMMON FIBULAR NERVE | Clinical?

Compression (e.g., popliteal aneurysm) → foot drop

DEEP FIBULAR NERVE | Motor?

Anterior compartment; Sensory: 1st web space

SUPERFICIAL FIBULAR NERVE | Motor?

Lateral compartment; Sensory: dorsum foot

ANKLE VS TARSAL JOINTS | Movements?

Talocrural: dorsiflexion/plantarflexion; Tarsal: inversion/eversion

SOLE OF FOOT | 1st layer?

AFA

FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS | Action?

Flexes lateral 4 toes

ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS | Action?

Abducts big toe