EUTHANASIA

Euthanaisa

It is the act or practice of ending a life of a

person either by a lethal injection or suspension of medical treatment to relieve pain or suffering.

● Active

● Passive

● Voluntary

● Non-voluntary

● Assisted/Physician Assisted suicide

TYPES OF EUTHANASIA

ACTIVE

action taken to cause death like taking a high dose of drugs

PASSIVE

when death is brought by an omission.

WITHDRAWING TREATMENT

WITHHOLDING TREATMENT

2 Types of Passive Euthanasia

VOLUNTARY

Type of euthanasia that is requested by the patient.

NON VOLUNTARY

A patient is unable to give consent so

another person makes the decision based

on quality of life.

ASSISTED/PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE

a doctor or another person provides the means.

DEONTOLOGICAL VIEW

Nurses prioritize upholding professional norms and moral obligations, frequently giving the duty to save life precedence when contemplating euthanasia.

UTILITARIAN VIEW

Nurses assess euthanasia by determining

whether it lessens suffering and produces

the greatest overall benefit in comparison to damage.

VIRTUE ETHICS

When making humane and deliberate

decisions regarding euthanasia, nurses are

guided by compassion and moral integrity.

PALLIATIVE CARE

focuses on relieving pain

and symptoms, improving comfort, and

supporting quality of life for patients with

serious or terminal illnesses, without

intending to hasten death.

Effective pain management

helps patients stay comfortable and maintain dignity.

End-of-life care

ensures patients and families receive emotional support and guidance during the final stage of life.

● Relief from unbearable pain and suffering

● Respect for patient autonomy

● Preservation of dignity in dying

● Sanctity of life

● Risk of abuse and coercion

● Slippery Slope Concerns

● Conflict with Professional Ethics

ARGUMENTS FOR EUTHANASIA:

Relief from unbearable pain and suffering

Some people support euthanasia because it ends severe and ongoing pain when no

treatment improves the condition. It is seen

as a way to stop prolonged suffering.

Respect for patient autonomy

Supporters believe patients have the right to

decide about their own bodies and medical

care, including the choice to end life in

certain situations.

Sanctity of life

Many believe life is sacred and should not

be intentionally ended, regardless of

suffering.

PRESERVATION OF DIGNITY IN DYING

Some argue that euthanasia allows patients

to avoid prolonged decline and loss of

independence, helping them maintain

dignity at the end of life.

Risk of abuse and coercion

There is concern that patients could be

pressured or manipulated into choosing

euthanasia.

Slippery Slope Concerns

This means that if euthanasia becomes

allowed, the rules might slowly become

looser and more extreme over time.

Conflict with Professional Ethics

Euthanasia can conflict with the ethical

duties of healthcare professionals to

preserve life and do no harm.

CHRISTIANITY

This religious groups oppose euthanasia

because life is sacred and God decides

when it ends. They allow palliative care to

relieve pain but reject intentionally ending

life.

● They stress compassion, prayer, and

spiritual support for the patient and family

during end of life care.

ISLAM

Islamic

● Euthanasia is forbidden in ______ because

life is a gift from God and taking it on

purpose is sinful. Pain relief and comfort

care are allowed to reduce suffering.

● _______ teaching promotes patience and

trust in God during illness, and families

often help decide on care.

BUDHISM

They discourage taking life and focuses on intention. Comfort care and relief of suffering are accepted, but actively causing death is avoided.

● They value mindfulness and compassion and support the patient's emotional and spiritual well-being.

HINDUISM

They believed that life is sacred in so euthanasia is discouraged. Palliative care to ease

suffering is allowed, but intentionally ending

life goes against dharma.

● They belief in karma teaches that ending

life has spiritual consequences while giving

comfort and care is virtuous.