[Lab Final Review] Muscles

Epicranial aponeurosis (tendon): fibrous sheet connecting the frontalis and occipitalis muscles across the top of the skull

Frontalis: raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

Orbicularis oculi: closes the eyelid and squints

Orbicularis oris: closes and purses the lips

Zygomaticus minor: elevates the upper lip

Zygomaticus major: pulls the corner of the mouth upward and outward (smiling)

Buccinator: pulls the cheeks inward against the teeth; aids chewing and blowing

Risorius: pulls the corner of the mouth laterally, producing a smirk

Temporalis: closes the jaw and retracts the mandible

Platysma: depresses the mandible to open the mouth wide; tightens the skin of the neck

Sternocleidomastoid: rotates and laterally flexes the head; connects the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Sternothyroid: depresses the larynx; connects the sternum to the thyroid cartilage

Hyoid bone: U-shaped bone connecting the muscles of the head and neck; anchors the tongue and throat muscles

Thyrohyoid: depresses the hyoid bone or elevates the larynx; connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

Stylohyoid: elevates and retracts the hyoid bone; connects the hyoid bone to the styloid process of the temporal bone (not the corner of the mandible)