Social issues

Faulty plumbing

Hệ thống cấp thoát nước lỗi/hỏng

Eg:The strange smell turned out to be caused by faulty plumbing in the kitchen.

Faulty plumbing can waste thousands of liters of water a year

Faulty plumbing can lead to mold growth and health problems.

Put water meters on residences

Lắp đồng hồ nước cho các hộ dân><install tank:lắp bể chứa nước

Eg:Putting water meters on residences is a crucial step in managing water shortages.

The government plans to put water meters on rural residences to monitor consumption.

Putting water meters on residences encouraged people to use water more responsibly.

Manifest(v)

Thể hiện/bộc lộ rõ,phơi bày ra một cách dễ thấy qua dấu hiệu/hành động.

Eg:Cultural identity manifests in language, festivals, and stories.

His leadership manifested through calm decision-making during crises.

Stress often manifests as headaches or insomnia

Death toll

Số người chết do tai nạn,thiên tai

,dịch bệnh và chiến tranh

Eg:The pandemic pushed the global death toll past one million

The ferry accident resulted in a death toll of 912 passengers

The death toll from the earthquake has risen to over 3,000

Population bulge

Phình ở 1 nhóm tuổi

Eg:Governments must adjust healthcare and pension systems to cope with the population bulge among the elderly.

If mismanaged, a population bulge may lead to unemployment and social unrest

A youth population bulge can be an economic advantage if enough jobs are created

Total fertility rate

Tổng tỷ suất sinh trong suốt độ tuổi sinh sản(thường 15–49 tuổi)#Replacement level:Mức sinh tối thiểu để dân số cân bằng(2.1 con/phụ nữ)

Eg:Policies such as parental leave aim to raise the total fertility rate

Japan’s total fertility rate has remained below 1.5 for decades

Many developed countries have a low total fertility rate due to career pressure and high living costs

Live in a vacuum

Sống tách biệt,không bị ảnh hưởng bởi xã hội#Live in seclusion:sống ẩn dật,rút khỏi đời sống công quyền

Eg:No generation lives in a vacuum; everyone influences each other.

After helping Le Loi become the first emperor of the Le dynasty, Nguyen Trai chose to live in seclusion in Chi Linh, Hai Duong

Catch-22

🔁tình huống tiến thoái lưỡng nan(kẹt trong vòng lặp vô lýmuốn làm A thì phải làm B nhưng muốn làm B thì lại phải làm A trước)

Doomscrolling is a catch-22: you scroll to relax, but it only makes you more anxious.

Winter exercise feels like a catch-22: you’re too tired to move, but you need movement to feel energized.

It’s a catch-22: anxiety stops me from sleeping, but lack of sleep makes my anxiety worse.

Amplify one’s voice

Khuếch đại tiếng nói

Technology has given ordinary people the power to amplify their voices and challenge long-standing inequalities.

You don’t need to be loud to amplify your voice; you need clarity and courage.

Learning English helped me amplify my voice in international discussions

Mobilize

Huy động

Effective leaders know how to mobilize talent and resources under pressure.

The manager mobilized the team to meet an urgent deadline.

Lê Lợi successfully mobilized local forces and peasants during the Lam Sơn uprising

Disrupt the status quo

Phá vỡ trật tự cũ(bất công,lỗi thời,kìm hãm phát triển)

Online learning disrupted the status quo of classroom-based education

Digital banking has disrupted the status quo of the financial industry.

The Hai Bà Trưng uprising disrupted the status quo of foreign domination.

The gravity of sth

Seriousness

People often ignore the gravity of a problem until it becomes unavoidable

Age makes people feel the gravity of responsibility more deeply.

She didn’t realize the gravity of her words until she saw his reaction.

In light of sth

Because of/considering/taking into account

In light of foreign domination, national uprisings became inevitable

In light of the generation gap, open communication is more important than ever.

In light of my parents’ concerns, I agreed to come home earlier.

Underlying

Ẩn bên dưới,ngầm chi phối,gốc rễ của vấn đề

The patient’s pain was caused by an underlying medical condition.

Punishing employees doesn’t fix the underlying problem.

There is an underlying issue of inequality in the education system

Troubling evidence/behavior/rise

Bằng chứng/hành vi/gia tăng đáng lo ngại#Disturbing:gây sốc, ám ảnh

Eg:The report reveals troubling evidence of data misuse.

The teacher noticed some troubling behavior in the child.

There is a troubling rise in childhood obesity worldwide

Lump someone/sth together

Gom chung ai/cái gì 1 cách thô bạo, thiếu tinh tế

When you lump people together, you erase their stories

Don’t lump me together with people who don’t care

Teachers shouldn’t lump quiet students together with lazy ones.

Walk of life

Tầng lớp xã hội

He treats people from every walk of life with kindness

The study interviewed participants from different walks of life

Education should be accessible to people from all walks of life.

Hierarchy

Hệ thống thứ bậc dựa trên quyền lực,tầm quan trọng,địa vị/giá trị.

Rigid hierarchies can discourage open communication and emotional honesty.

Showing weakness feels risky in a hierarchy where status determines respect

Men often fear losing their position in the social hierarchy

Live a solitary existence

🌒sống cô độc

The “sigma male” narrative often romanticizes living a solitary existence.

In big cities, it’s surprisingly easy to live a solitary existence while being surrounded by millions.

Many people who live a solitary existence are not antisocial; they are often emotionally exhausted

Move with the times

Thích nghi thông minh để không bị tụt lại phía sau.

Even traditional industries are moving with the times by adopting automation.

Society has moved with the times when it comes to mental health awareness.

My parents eventually moved with the times and learned how to use smartphones

Take a toll (on someone/sth)

Gây tổn hại,hao mòn về thể chất,tinh thần,tài chính=to cause harm or suffering

The war took a devastating toll on the population.

Repeated rejections began to take their toll on his confidence

Long working hours can take their toll on your health

Pernicious effect/habit/cycle

Tác động/thói quen/vòng lặp nguy hại

At Harmonia's wedding, the god Hephaestus gave her a cursed necklace whose pernicious effects plagued her descendants for generations.

Procrastination is a pernicious habit that slowly erodes confidence

Debt and poverty often create a pernicious cycle.

Dystopian future/atmosphere/crisis

Tương lai/bầu không khí/khủng hoảng phản địa đàng(xã hội rất tồi tệ,bất công và đầy đau khổ)#Utopia:XH hoàn hảo lý tưởng

The city promised a utopian future, but it became dystopian.

The abandoned factories gave the town a dystopian atmosphere

Unchecked pollution could lead to a dystopian environmental crisis.

Dual nature

🌗🪙Bản chất hai mặt(two sides of the same thing)

Love itself has a dual nature: joy and vulnerability

Fame has a dual nature: admiration and pressure

Education reveals the dual nature of competition.

Bear/take/suffer the brunt of sth

Chịu hậu quả nặng nhất

Children sometimes suffer the brunt of their parents’ conflicts.

Students usually take the brunt of strict educational reforms.

Low-income families often bear the brunt of economic crises.

The toils of sth

Sa,vướng vào,mắc kẹt trong (những cảm xúc,tình huống khó khăn,rắc rối/cám dỗ)

Eg:Even after years, he was still caught in the toils of grief, unable to move on from his loss.

Many families found themselves in the toils of poverty during the economic crisis.

Eremophobia

Chứng sợ cô độc#Ochlophobia:Chứng sợ đám đông

E.g.The empty apartment triggered her eremophobia.

Modern cities can be exhausting for people with ochlophobia.

Many children with abandonment trauma later struggle with eremophobia.