psychology- biopsychology

What is the function of the sensory neurone

Found mostly under the skin, and carry messages and detect stimuli from the environment

What neurone carries electrical impulses towards the brain

Sensory neuron

Measuring electrical activity of neurons by recording changes in blood flow is a feature of what

fMRI

What is the difference between Infradian rhythms and Ultradian rhythms

Infradian rhythms last over 24 hours whereas Ultradian rhythms last less than 24 hours

What is the difference between endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers

Endogenous pacemakers are internal and exogenous zeitgebers are external

What is fight or flight stimulated by

The sympathetic nervous system which is part of the autonomic nervous system

What is the sympathetic nervous system stimulated by in fight or flight

The hypothalamus

What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulate in fight or flight

The adrenal medulla to release adrenaline into the blood stream

What dampens the effects (stress response) of fight or flight

The parasympathetic nervous system

What two pieces of research can be used to contradict localisation of brain function

lashley and Case study of EB

What research can be used to support localisation of brain function

Case study of tan by Broca

What is the case study of EB

Left hemisphere removed at 2 which removed all language ability however by 4 it was regained which shows other areas can take over and compensate for damage

What is the case study of TAN

After a stroke he could only say his name due to limited speech production. FMRIs showed damage to left frontal lobe now known as Broca’s area showing that TAN suffered from Broca’s aphasia

What research was conducted by lashley

Studied rats and removed 10-50% of rats cortex and found that no single area is responsible for spatial navigation it was dependent on how much tissue was removed. This shows processes like spatial recognition are hollistic

What two pieces of research can be used to support lateralisation of brain function

Sperry split Braun research and Rodger’s

What piece of research can be used to contradict lateralisation of brain

Case study of EB

What research was conducted by sperry

Studied patient who had had their corpus callosum cut. When a picture was shown to a patients right visual field the patient could easily describe what was seen. However if the same image was shown to the left visual field the patient could not describe what was seen. this is because messages from the right hemisphere are usually relayed to the language centres in the left hemisphere but the corpus callosum which connects both hemispheres was cut

What is hemispheric lateralisation

The idea that the two hemispheres of the brain are functionally different and that certain mental processes are mainly controlled by one hemisphere

What research was conducted by Rodgers

Found that domesticated chickens have split brains and this improves their survival as they can look for predators and eat at the same time

What are two pieces of research that support plasticity

Maguire and Kuhn

What research was conducted by maguire

London taxi drivers are required to take a test called the knowledge which is the knowledge of street names and routes. It was found that they had more grey matter in their posterior hippocampus than a control group. Which shows that the brain is in a constant state if change. A positive correlation was also found between the length of time as a taxi driver and the size increase

What research was conducted by Kuhn

Compared control group with a video game training group and found a significant increase in grey matter in various brain areas. The video games had resulted in new synaptic connections in the brain

What two pieces of research can be used to support functional recovery

Tajiri and the case study of EB

What researcher can be used as a criticism of functional recovery

Schneider

What research was conducted by Tajiri

Randomly assigned rats with brain injury into 2 groups. 1 had stem cell transplants other a placebo injection and after 3 months the stem cell group showed development in the area of brain injury

What does Schneider say about functional recovery

Individual differences such effect the extent a person can functionally recover after trauma. For example age and educational attainment. If you complete university you are x7 more likely to disability free 1 year after trauma

What two pieces of research can be used to support endogenous pacemakers

Morgan and Ralph

What piece of research supports exogenous zeitgebers

Campbell and Murphy

What piece of research support Ultradian rhythms

Dement and kleitman

What piece of research supports Infradian rhythms

McClintock and stern

What research was conducted by Morgan

Morgan bred hamsters so that they'd have abnormal circadian rhythms of 20 hrs instead of 24 hrs. SCN neurons from these abnormal hamsters were then transplanted into the brains of normal hamsters. The normal hamsters then displayed the same abnormal circadian rhythms of 20 hrs, showing that the SCN that was transplanted had imposed its pattern onto the recipients' brains. Furthermore, in the reverse experiment, when implanting SCN neurons from a normal hamster into the brain of an abnormal hamster, the recipient hamster's circadian rhythms changed to 24 hrs.

What research was conducted by Ralph

What research was conducted by Campbell and Murphy

Light can be detected by skin receptors when the eyes can not detect the information. Researchers shone lights on the back of ppts knees. Found that their usual sleep wake cycle changed by up to 3 hours

What research was conducted by dement and kleitman

Participants brain and eye activity was measured during sleep and they were randomly woken up a number of times per night by the sound of a doorbell ringing. Participants were unaware of whether they had been awoken during nREM or REM sleep and were asked to record the content of their dreams, if they had any. Found that on average REM sleep lasts 20 minutes and is experienced every 92 minutes on average. For all awakenings 80% of those who woke during REM sleep reported a clear dream but only 7% who woke during nREM sleep recalled having a dream.

What research was conducted by McClintock and stern

Samples of pheromones were gathered from nine of the women at different stages of their menstrual cycles and were then rubbed onto the upper lip of the other participants. Found that 68% of women experienced changes to their cycle which brought them closer to the cycle of their odour donor