PI 10 - Buhay ni Rizal

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

The full name of the Philippine national hero.

June 19, 1861

The exact date of Jose Rizal's birth in Calamba, Laguna.

Francisco Rizal Mercado

The father of Jose Rizal, a tenant-farmer born in Biñan who moved to Calamba.

Teodora Alonso Realonda

The mother of Jose Rizal and his first teacher who taught him the alphabet and prayers.

Saturnina

The eldest of the eleven Rizal siblings, also known as Neneng.

Paciano

The second child and only brother of Jose Rizal who directed his political education and revolutionary consciousness.

Narcisa

The third child in the Rizal family, also known as Sisa.

Olimpia

The fourth child in the Rizal family, also known as Ypia.

Lucia

The fifth child in the Rizal family who married Mariano Herbosa.

Maria

The sixth child in the Rizal family, also known as Biang.

Concepcion

The eighth child in the Rizal family whose death at age three was Rizal's first sorrow.

Josefa

The ninth child in the Rizal family who became the head of the women's section of the Katipunan.

Trinidad

The tenth child in the Rizal family to whom Rizal entrusted his final poem before his execution.

Soledad

The youngest of the eleven Rizal siblings, also known as Choleng.

Domingo Lam-co

Rizal's paternal great-great-grandfather, a Chinese immigrant from Chinchew who adopted the name Mercado.

Maestro Lucas Padua

One of the earliest private tutors of Jose Rizal in Calamba.

Maestro Justiniano Cruz

Rizal's teacher in his first formal school in Biñan where he received the primary education.

Ateneo Municipal

The Jesuit-run high school in Intramuros where Rizal earned his Bachelor of Arts degree with highest honors.

Fr. Jose Bech

The first professor of Jose Rizal at Ateneo Municipal.

Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez

Rizal's favorite professor at Ateneo who inspired his love for literature and poetry.

Sobresaliente

The consistent academic rating meaning excellent that Rizal earned in all his subjects at Ateneo.

Mi Primera Inspiracion

The first poem Rizal likely wrote during his student days at Ateneo dedicated to his mother.

University of Santo Tomas

The Dominican university where Rizal studied Philosophy and Letters before shifting to Medicine.

Philosophy and Letters

The course Rizal initially enrolled in at UST during his first year (1877-1878).

A La Juventud Filipina

The prize-winning poem Rizal wrote in 1879 at age 18 which first expressed the concept of the Philippines as a fatherland for Filipinos.

El Consejo de los Dioses

An allegorical drama written by Rizal in 1880 which won first prize in a literary contest at UST.

Leonor Rivera

Rizal's cousin and sweetheart for eleven years who became the inspiration for the character Maria Clara.

Expert Surveyor

The vocational degree Rizal earned at Ateneo while simultaneously studying at UST.

May 3, 1882

The date Rizal secretly departed from Manila for his first journey to Europe.

Salvadora

The Spanish steamer Rizal boarded for Singapore to evade detection by Spanish authorities.

Djemnah

The French steamer Rizal boarded in Singapore for his voyage to Europe.

Suez Canal

The historic waterway traversed by Rizal for the first time in May 1882 during his voyage to Spain.

Universidad Central de Madrid

The university in Spain where Rizal completed his Licentiate in Medicine and Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters.

Licentiate in Medicine

The degree Rizal earned on June 21, 1884, at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

Circulo Hispano-Filipino

A society of Spaniards and Filipinos in Madrid that Rizal joined in 1882.

Me Piden Versos

The poem Rizal wrote and declaimed in 1882 upon the request of the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino.

Dr. Louis de Weckert

The famous French ophthalmologist in Paris under whom Rizal worked as an assistant in 1885.

Dr. Otto Becker

The German ophthalmologist at the University of Heidelberg under whom Rizal worked to further his medical studies.

A Las Flores de Heidelberg

The poem Rizal wrote in April 1886 while inspired by the blue forget-me-nots along the Neckar River.

Ferdinand Blumentritt

The Austrian ethnologist and Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz who became Rizal's closest lifelong friend.

Dr. Maximo Viola

The friend from Bulacan who loaned Rizal 300 pesos to publish the first 2,000 copies of Noli Me Tangere.

Berlin

The city in Germany where Noli Me Tangere was finished and published in March 1887.

Noli Me Tangere

Rizal's first novel, a Latin phrase meaning Touch Me Not, taken from the Gospel of Saint John.

Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrero

The liberal Governor-General who summoned Rizal to Malacañang to discuss the Noli and assigned him a bodyguard.

Permanent Commission of Censorship

The committee that recommended the absolute prohibition of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philippines.

O-Sei-San

The Japanese woman, Seiko Usui, who became Rizal's companion and guide during his visit to Japan in 1888.

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

The 1609 work by Antonio de Morga that Rizal annotated in London to correct Spanish misconceptions of pre-colonial Filipino culture.

Kidlat Club

A temporary social society founded by Rizal in Paris for Filipinos attending the Universal Exposition of 1889.

Indios Bravos

An association of Filipino expatriates in Paris who adopted the name Indio as a title of honor.

Biarritz

The resort city in France where Rizal finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo in 1891.

Nellie Boustead

The woman Rizal courted in Biarritz whose marriage proposal failed because Rizal refused to convert to Protestantism.

Ghent

The city in Belgium where Rizal's second novel, El Filibusterismo, was published in 1891.

Valentin Ventura

The benefactor who provided the financial assistance to complete the printing of El Filibusterismo.

La Liga Filipina

The civic league founded by Rizal in Tondo on July 3, 1892, with the motto Unus Instar Omnium.

July 7, 1892

The date Governor-General Despujol signed the decree deporting Rizal to Dapitan.

July 17, 1892

The date Rizal began his four-year exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga.

Captain Ricardo Carnicero

The military commandant of Dapitan who became a close friend and lottery partner of Jose Rizal.

Mi Retiro

The long poem Rizal wrote in 1895 in Dapitan at the request of his mother describing his serene life in exile.

Hymn to Talisay

A poem and song Rizal wrote for his pupils in Dapitan to honor the place where they held classes.

Josephine Bracken

The Irish girl who came to Dapitan with her blind foster father and became Rizal's common-law wife.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

The emissary of the Katipunan who visited Rizal in Dapitan in 1896 to inform him of the planned revolution.

Isla de Panay

The ship Rizal was on when he was informed of his arrest and impending trial while bound for Cuba.

Fort Santiago

The prison in Manila where Rizal was held incommunicado from November 3, 1896, until his execution.

Luis Taviel de Andrade

The Spanish lieutenant and brother of Rizal's former bodyguard who served as his defense counsel during the trial.

Rebellion and Illegal Association

The primary charges leveled against Rizal during his 1896 court-martial.

Nicolas de la Peña

The Auditor General who recommended the death penalty for Rizal and the payment of 100,000 pesos in indemnity.

December 26, 1896

The date Rizal's court-martial was held at the Cuartel de España.

Camilo de Polavieja

The Governor-General who approved the death sentence and signed the execution order for Jose Rizal.

Mi Ultimo Adios

The final poem written by Rizal on the eve of his execution, hidden inside an alcohol cooking lamp.

December 30, 1896

The date of Jose Rizal's martyrdom in Bagumbayan.

7:03 A.M.

The exact time the firing squad executed Jose Rizal.

Consummatum Est

The last words of Jose Rizal meaning It is finished.

Paco Cemetery

The initial burial site of Jose Rizal where his body was placed in an unmarked grave.