Unit 1A: Nervous System/ Neurons

AP Psychology

What does the neuron's Myelin Sheath do?

insulates the axon

What doe Dendrites do?

Receives information from other neurons

What do Axon Terminals do?

Sends Information to the next cell

The space between the axon terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

synapse

Why are neurons important?

send signals between the brain and the body

If I step on a nail...what type of neuron take that signal TO the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM? Options: interneurons, motor, sensory, receptors

sensory

What do motor neurons do?

send signals to the muscles of the body

A chemical produced by neurons that carries messages to other neurons

neurotransmitter

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

To transmit chemical messages between neurons

What role do interneurons plays in the nervous system

transmit signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons

What is the role of sensory neurons in the nervous system

To carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS

How do neurotransmitters affect the synapse

They allow chemical communication between neurons

What is the function of the axon in a neuron

To transmit signals away from the cell body

What is the primary function of the cell body in a neuron

To maintain the neuron’s health and metabolism

Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving incoming signals

Dendrite

What is the role of the myelin sheath in neural communication

To speed up the transmission of electrical signals

Label the Neuron-What does the letter "C" represent? Options: Dendrite, Axon, Axon Terminal, Cell Body

Cell Body

Which ions are involved in the electrical nerve impulse

Potassium and Sodium

The space between an axon of a neuron that is communicating with a dendrite of another neuron is called a ________.

Synapse

In what form does a nerve impulse travel from one neuron to another? Options: electrical signal, chemical signal, magnetic signal, ionic signal

chemical signal

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate what?

Sleep and emotions

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for muscle contraction

Acetylcholine

How do neurons communicate with each other?

By releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with pleasure and reward pathways in the brain?

Dopamine

What is the primary role of dopamine in the brain?

Facilitating reward and pleasure

What is the function of GABA in the nervous system?

Inhibiting neural activity

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

To regulate involuntary body functions

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

To calm the body and conserve energy

What controls voluntary movement?

Somatic System

What controls involuntary movement?

Autonomic System

What consists of the brain and spinal cord?

Central NS

What consists of the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?

Peripheral NS

Types of neurons: sensory, glial, motor, interneuron. Which is not a type of neuron?

glial

What is the relationship between sensory neurons and motor neurons?

Sensory neurons send information to brain then to motor neurons

When the spinal cord responds in an emergency to a stimulus before the brain, this is called a...

reflex

What is the main function of the nervous system?

to control the body's activities by relaying messages

Reflex signals are sent and processed in the...

Spinal Cord

This picture shows what part of the nervous system?

Peripheral NS

Order of signal travel when you feel an itch on your arm.

Sensory, Interneurons, Motor

When a signal travels down the axon, it develops a temporary ________ charge.

Positive

Neurotransmitters are ______________ that travel across the ______________ to another cell.

chemicals; synapse

Type of synapse which increases the chance of the next neuron firing

Excitatory

Type of synapse which decreases the chance of the next neuron firing

Inhibitory

Which neurotransmitter inhibits (calms) brain activity? Options: Acetylcholine, GABA, Endorphins, Dopamine

GABA

Which neurotransmitter is released in response to injury or trauma? Options: Acetylcholine, Endorphins, Serotonin, GABA

Endorphins

Which neurotransmitter is most involved in memory, learning, and cognitive processes?

Glutamate

What is the function of the axon in a neuron?

Conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body

Which part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

Axon Terminal

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Prepares the body for fight or flight response

What is the function of motor neurons in the nervous system?

To carry signals from the CNS to muscles and glands

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

To conserve energy and restore the body to a state of calm

What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

To process information and coordinate the activity of all parts of the body