ANT 130 Quiz 3 Practice

Who were the Hohokam?

A prehistoric Indigenous culture in the Southwest (mainly southern Arizona) known for advanced irrigation systems.

What was the Hohokam most famous for?

Extensive canal irrigation agriculture in desert environments.

What crops did the Hohokam grow?

Corn, beans, squash (the “Three Sisters”), plus cotton.

What happened to the Hohokam civilization?

It declined/disappeared around 1450 CE (likely due to environmental stress, drought, or social factors).

What was the Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts?

A 1931 event in New York that showcased Native American art as fine art rather than “primitive craft.”

Why was the Exposition important?

It changed public perception—recognized Native art as sophisticated and culturally valuable.

What was a major criticism of the Exposition?

It sometimes romanticized or “froze” Native cultures as traditional rather than modern.

What language family do the Navajo and Apache belong to?

Athabaskan (originating from northern North America).

What type of lifestyle did the Apache traditionally have?

More nomadic, hunting and raiding.

What type of lifestyle did the Navajo traditionally have?

More settled—pastoral (sheep herding) and farming.

What is the traditional Navajo dwelling called?

Hogan.

What are Navajo especially known for culturally?

Weaving and rug-making.

What states are included in the Southwest Culture Area?

Arizona, New Mexico, parts of Utah, Colorado, and Texas.

What is the climate like in the Southwest?

Arid/desert, with limited water resources.

Why is irrigation important in this region?

Farming requires artificial water systems due to dry conditions.

What is Pueblo cultural knowledge?

Knowledge passed through generations about traditions, art, spirituality, and ways of life.

Awa Tsireh

Pueblo artist from San Ildefonso

How is Pueblo knowledge typically transmitted?

Through storytelling, art, ceremony, and community practices (not just written).

What does “survivance” mean?

Active survival + resistance of Indigenous cultures (not just surviving, but continuing traditions with strength).

Why is survivance important?

It shows Native cultures are living and evolving—not extinct or frozen in the past.

What are “silences” in anthropology?

Missing or ignored Indigenous perspectives in history and storytelling.

Why do silences happen?

Due to colonization, bias, or exclusion of Native voices.

How can silences be addressed?

By including Indigenous voices, art, and perspectives in narratives.

Hohokam = ?

Irrigation experts in Arizona.

Exposition (1931) = ?

Native art recognized as fine art.

Navajo vs Apache difference?

Navajo = settled/herding; Apache = nomadic/raiding.

Survivance ≠ survival

It = resistance + cultural continuation.

Silences = ?

Missing Indigenous voices in history.