Aphug Unit 5 agriculture vocab

domestication

the long term process where humans selectively breed and modify plants and animals over generations (unit 5: agriculture)

columbian exchange

the widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, technologies, cultures, and people (unit 5: agriculture)

green revolution

the mid 20th century transfer of agricultural technologies to developing countries (unit 5: agriculture)

shifting agriculture

a type of subsitence farming where farmers clear a plot of land and use it until spil depletes (unit 5: agriculture)

pastoral nomadism

a form of subsistence agriculture where people herd domesticated animals and migrate seasonally (unit 5: agriculture)

subsistence farming

a type of agriculture where farmers produce food for their own family’s consumption (unit 5: agriculture)

commercial farming

large scale food production for crops and livestock primarily for scale and profit (unit 5: agriculture)

linear settlements

a community where buildings and homes are arranged in a long, narrow patterns (unit 5: agriculture)

von thunen

explains how agricultural land use patterns form in concentric rings around a central market (unit 5: agriculture)

horticulture

the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants (unit 5: agriculture)

desertification

the process where fertile land, often in semi arid regions become increasingly dry, and desert like (unit 5: agriculture)

conservation efforts

strategic actions and policies to protect preserve and sustainability manage natural resources (unit 5: agriculture)

biotechnology

using living organism or system to create or modify products, specially in agriculture (unit 5: agriculture)

GMO's

living things whose DNA is altered in a lab to add desirable traits (unit 5: agriculture)

organic farming

a siatainabke agricultural approach that avoids synthetic pesticides fertillizers and GMO's (unit 5: agriculture)

plantation agriculture

commercial farming on large estates, specializing in one or two labor intensive cash crops for export, common in tropical regions (unit 5: agriculture)

mixed crop/livestock

an agricultural system combining crop cultivation and animal raising on the same farm (unit 5: agriculture)

extensive farming

an agricultural system using large land areas with low inputs or labor, capital, and machinery, per acre (unit 5: agriculture)

intensive farming

an agricultural system that maximizes crops/livestock per unit of land by using high levels of inputs like labor (unit 5: agriculture)

economies of scale

the cost advantages businesses gain as their production increases, leading to lower average costs per unit (unit 5: agriculture)

clustered settlements

patterns where homes, farm buildings, and services are grouped closely together (unit 5: agriculture)

dispersed settlements

a rural arrangement where individual homes, farms, and buildings are spread far apart (unit 5: agriculture)

deforestation

the large scale clearing or removal of forests often for agricultural expansion (unit 5: agriculture)

aquaculture

the controlled cultivation, breeding, and harvesting of auqautic organisms (unit 5: agriculture)

sustainability

using earth’s resources to meet present needs without compromising future generations abilities (unit 5: agriculture)

soil degradation

the decline on soil quality, reducing its ability to support life (unit 5: agriculture)

biodiversity

the variety of life on earth (unit 5: agriculture)

value added specialty crops

agricultural products processed to increase their economic worth (unit 5: agriculture)

fair trade

an alternative trade model promoting equitable practices ensuring producers in developing countries raise fair wages (unit 5: agriculture)

buy local

local food movements promoting consumption from nearby producers for economic, environmental, and social benefits (unit 5: agriculture)

agribusiness

the large scale commercial integration of all businesses involved in food production process (unit 5: agriculture)

commodity chains

the complete network of linked processes that create a final product (unit 5: agriculture)

hearths of domestication

the geographic regions where humans first domesticated plants and animals (unit 5: agriculture)

slash and burn

a subsistence farming method where vegetation is cut and burned to clear land (unit 5: agriculture)

irrigation

the application of water to land or soil to supplement natural rainfall ensuring moisture for crops (unit 5: agriculture)

food insecurity

uncertain physical access to sufficient safe and nutritious food for a healthy life

agriculture

producing crops, a method known as farming