Manifest Destiny and Sectionalism

What was the Know-Nothing Party (American Party)?

A political party that supported restricting immigration and longer naturalization periods

What was included in the Compromise of 1850?

California admitted as a free state

What caused the Mexican-American War?

A border dispute and U.S. desire for western land

What happened after Lincoln’s election in 1860?

Southern states began seceding

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do?

U.S. gained California and New Mexico

What was a major effect of the 1848 European drought?

Mass migration of Europeans to the U.S.

What were the Forty-Niners seeking?

Gold in California

What was the Southern economy based on in the 1840s–1850s?

Cotton plantation slavery

What resulted from the California Gold Rush?

Rapid population growth in California

Why did Protestant sects split in the 1850s?

Disagreements over slavery

What was the main issue by 1860?

Slavery and national division

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act repeal?

The Missouri Compromise

What did Dred Scott v. Sandford rule?

African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories

What angered Northerners in the Compromise of 1850?

The Fugitive Slave Act

What is Manifest Destiny tied to?

Religious and political expansion ideas

What did railroad expansion connect?

Eastern cities and the Midwest

What caused the Republican Party to form?

Opposition to slavery expansion

What did Manifest Destiny justify?

Westward expansion and Native removal

What did the Sumner-Brooks caning show?

Increasing political violence over slavery

What was the Gadsden Purchase for?

A railroad route

What happened to Mexicans after the war?

Loss of rights under U.S. rule

What did the Wilmot Proviso propose?

Banning slavery in Mexican Cession territories

Why did Stephen Douglas support Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Political ambition and railroad interests

What is popular sovereignty?

Territories vote on slavery

What was John Brown’s goal at Harpers Ferry?

Trigger a slave rebellion

What happened to slavery in D.C. in 1850?

Protected by Fugitive Slave Law

What did Polk’s election platform support?

Texas annexation and Oregon acquisition

What was Tyler’s presidency like?

Weak party support but territorial gains

Who benefited from Dred Scott decision?

Southern pro-slavery interests

What were Lincoln-Douglas debates about?

Slavery expansion in territories

Why was Lincoln’s 1860 election important?

First Republican president elected

Why did Irish immigrate in 1848?

Potato famine

What did Kansas-Nebraska Act cause?

Bleeding Kansas violence

What were mining towns like?

Discriminatory and unequal societies

Why did people go west on Oregon Trail?

Land and economic opportunity

What state rule existed from 1820–1850?

Balance free and slave states

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

Required return of runaway enslaved people

What is Free Soil ideology?

Opposed slavery expansion into territories

What triggered Compromise of 1850?

Debate over California

Why did people move to Oregon?

Fertile farmland in Willamette Valley

What changed in U.S. population in 1840s–1850s?

Westward migration

Why was Texas annexation controversial?

Slavery expansion issue

What caused rise of nativism?

Immigration from Ireland and Germany

Why did U.S. send fleet to Japan in 1853?

Open trade relations

What did Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do?

Mexico ceded large territory to U.S.

What did Bleeding Kansas prove?

Failure of popular sovereignty

What happened after Lincoln-Douglas debates?

Lincoln gained national attention

What literary movement shaped this era?

Romanticism

What is sectionalism?

Regional loyalty over national unity

How did Southerners view John Brown?

A terrorist and abolitionist threat