Enlightenment thinkers Quiz (social studies)

social contract

A contract between the government and its citizens, where citizens give up certain freedoms in exchange for protection.

Leviathan

A book written by Thomas Hobbs, that argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign

Enlightened Despot

In the 18th century, which monarchs pursued legal, social and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment.

Sovereignty

Supreme power or authority

Natural laws

A system of right or justice held to be common to all humans and from nature rather than society or government

Baroque

A highly ornate or elaborate style of architecture, art, clothing, or design

Thomas Hobbs

Was one of the first of his era to discuss the idea of a social contract, changed the focus from monarchy to democracy, and wrote a book called Leviathan.

John Locke

Believed in natural rights that the government should protect, and believed the purpose of government is to end the state of nature and give people certain protections

Baron de Montesquieu

Believed in The government was divided into parts, and each part had its own purpose (separation of powers.) each of the parts, or branches, of government should be equal, each branch have the ability to limit the power of the other two branches (checks and balances).

Mary Wollstonecraft

nvolved in the debate about the “women’s question.” “enlightened” thinkers and philosophers of her day who continually failed to recognize women as intellectuals and independent agents of reason.

Voltaire

Believed that religious differences are trivial and separate men, while trade is important and brings them together. spent his life fighting: superstition, intolerance, and irrational behavior of every kind.

Leviathan

by: Thomas Hobbs

The spirit of laws

By: Baron de Montesquieu

Two Treaties on Government

By: John Locke

Candide

By: Voltaire

legitimate government

a government which is recognized by its population as rightful.

The Sovereign

a supreme ruler, especially a monarch.

magna carta

Written in 1215, Introduced limited government

Petition of right

Written in 1628, no taxation without the consent of Parliament

English Bill of rights

Written in 1689, Established the principles of frequent parliaments, free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament

Thomas Paine

supported revolutionary causes in America and Europe.