Fear and anxiety

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Last updated 9:43 PM on 3/18/25
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30 Terms

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Fear
A response to an immediate, real danger.
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Anxiety
Diffuse apprehension about possible future threats.
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Panic Attack
Occurs when fear arises in the absence of real danger.
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Specific Phobia
Excessive fear of an object or situation.
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Social Anxiety Disorder
Fear of negative evaluation in social situations.
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Panic Disorder
Recurrent panic attacks.
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Agoraphobia
Fear and avoidance of situations where escape may be difficult.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Chronic, excessive worry about various aspects of life.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.
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Obsessions
Persistent, distressing intrusive thoughts.
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Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing distress.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A treatment that involves cognitive restructuring and exposure.
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Medications used to treat depression and anxiety.
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Thought Action Fusion
Belief that having a thought is morally equivalent to acting on it.
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Preoccupation with perceived physical defects not visible or minor to others.
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Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding possessions, regardless of value.
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Trichotillomania
Compulsive hair pulling.
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Amygdala
A brain structure involved in the fear response.
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Hypervigilance
Heightened state of awareness for potential threats.
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Cognitive Biases
Tendencies to perceive social cues negatively.
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Dopamine
A neurotransmitter involved in mood and anxiety regulation.
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Neurotransmitter Imbalances
Disruptions in normal levels of brain chemicals affecting mood and behavior.
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Exposure and Response Prevention
A treatment strategy for OCD involving exposure to feared stimuli.
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Example of Fear

a predator or an armed individual

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Example of Anxiety

concern over a test or illness

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activates the fight-or-flight response

fear

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more cognitive and anticipatory.

anxiety

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The Adaptive Value of anxiety 

  • Anxiety enhances learning and performance when mild.

  • Prepares individuals to anticipate and manage future threats.

  • Chronic or excessive anxiety becomes maladaptive and may lead to anxiety disorders.

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The Anxiety Disorders in DSM-5 the five major

Specific Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia , Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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