Chapter 12 Central Nervous System

How does the embryonic brain develop?

From a neural tube at the anterior, or rostral, end. Divided into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.

What two portion make up the forebrain?

The cerebrum and the dienchephalon, which include the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Order of midbrain and hindbrain

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblangata

Gyri

Elevated ridges of tissue

Sulcus

The grooves in between the brain; a fissure is a deeper sulcus, These are where cerebral vessels are located

What are the cerebral hemisphereres?

Divided by the longitudinal fissure, this seperates the left and right hemispheres.

Corpus callosum

Tis structure, located above the hypothalamus, connects the two hemispheres. It contains commissural nerve fibers that connect corresponding areas of the hemispheres. Association fibers DO NOT travel between the hemispheres; they connect different parts of the SAME hemispheres.

Where is gray matter and white matter found in the brain?

Gray matter is found superficially, white matter is found deep

What are projection fibers?

Projection fibers connect between hemispheres and lower areas of the central nervous system.

Lateral sulcus

This separates the temporal lobe and parietal/frontal lobes

Central sulcus

This is a vertical groove that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, and the precentral/postcentral gyri. Pre = voluntary, post = conscious touch and proprioception (body awareness)

What divides the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

Transverse

What is the cerebral cortex made up of?

This is made up of gray matter, which consists of unmyelinated multipolar neurons - dendrites, cell bodeis, and axon terminals. It is only 2-4mm thick, and the site of the CONSCIOUS MIND.

White matter

White matter is made up of myelinated mostly axons = those myelins are white because of it

What are the different domains of the brain?

These are motor and sensory regions. Memory, language, and other higher brain functions have overlapping domains.

Primary soomatic cortex

THis sits right behind the prefrontal cortex, and initiates voluntary movement

Premotor cortex

This is involved in repetitive learned motor skills, and is located right behind the primary somatic cortex

Primary somatosensory cortex

This is located in the post central gyrus behind the central sulcus. It gets information about conscious touch and proprioception. So, for example, if you’re in pointe shoes and have a bobby pin at the bottom, you’ll know that there’s a bobby pin otuching the big toe.

Somatosensory association cortex

Location behind the P.S.C., these help help with being able to recognize an see objects.

Primary visual cortex

This is located in the occipital lobe, right behind the visual association area (this region helps with visual association)

Auditory association area

This area is where memory is stored. If you hear your floor music it will come right back to you.

What makes up the diencephalon?

The thalamus and the hypothalamus