livestock exam

Amino acids

The organic building blocks that combine to form proteins.

Calorie

A unit of energy representing the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C.

Carboxyl group

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (−COOH).

Concentrates

Feedstuffs high in energy or protein but low in fiber, such as grains or soybean meal.

Crude protein

An estimate of total protein content based on the nitrogen concentration of the feed.

Digestible protein

The portion of the crude protein that can actually be broken down and absorbed by the animal.

Essential amino acids

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts and must be provided in the diet.

Feed analysis

The chemical or physical laboratory testing of feed to determine its nutrient composition.

Forage

Edible plant material, mostly leaves and stems, consumed by grazing livestock.

Hay

Forage that has been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal feed.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required by the body in large amounts, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Essential nutrients required in trace amounts, specifically vitamins and minerals.

Monosaccharide

The simplest form of sugar and the most basic unit of carbohydrates, such as glucose.

Nutrition

The process by which an organism takes in and uses food for growth, repair, and maintenance.

Pasture

Land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch or cellulose.

Range

Large open areas of native vegetation used for the grazing of livestock.

Roughage

Bulky feed high in fiber and relatively low in digestible nutrients, like straw or silage.

Total digestible nutrients (TDN)

A measure used to indicate the overall energy value of a feedstuff.

Formulate 500 lbs of a 21% CP ration using Soybean Meal (44% CP) and Corn (9% CP).

 

 

 

How many pounds of soybean meal will be used? ______________________
How many pounds of corn will be used? _________________

171.43 Ib soybean

328.57 Ib corn

What is the most important nutrient in an animal’s body?

Water

Polysaccharides are the carbohydrates that contain the most energy, but they are also the most difficult to digest. What is the most common polysaccharide?

Cellulose

Which amino acid is a non-essential amino acid?

Alanine

What measure does a nutritionist use to quantify the amount of energy contained in feed?

Calories

Vitamins are categorized as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. Which vitamins are water-soluble?

The B-complex vitamins and Vitamin C are water-soluble.

What can you add to the ration to increase the protein percentage? 

Concentrations high in nitrogen

Describe the difference between macrominerals and microminerals.

Macrominerals (like Calcium) are needed in large amounts (grams per day), while microminerals (like Selenium) are needed in trace amounts (milligrams or micrograms per day).