additional member system

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Last updated 5:47 PM on 4/18/26
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5 Terms

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how it works

the voters have two separate votes

  • first vote used to choose a member for their local constituency (using FPTP) the person with the most votes wins 73 MSPs are chosen this way

  • the second vote is used to select a political party using the party list they are known as top up members 56 MSPs are chosen from a closed party list elected from the 8 regions

  • this produces two types of representative one local and one regional. The party list is used to top up the constituency vote making the overall vote proportionate

  • used in scotland wales and London assembly

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proportional electoral systems

  • parties should be represented in proportion to their overall electoral strength. the percentage of seats they win should be similar to the percentage of votes they gain

  • no wasted votes - all votes are used and the voter feels more valued

  • coalition government are a normal outcome of the system

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list system

  • parties list their candidates in order of importance depending on the percentage of votes each party receives they are allocated seats if the party wins 50 percent of the votes and there are 100 seats they get 50. candidates 1-50 on the list fill these seats

  • in a closed list electors have no say in the order of candidates on the list, in an open list voters have some say over the order

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advantages of AMS

  • it is proportional

  • each voter has a directly accountable single constituency representative

  • it gives voters a wider choice for example they may first choose a candidate from one party for their first vote and choose a different party for their second

  • a coalition government is more likely (can also be disadvantage)

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disadvantages of AMS

  • list members are chosen by the party and are answerable to it rather than voters giving more control to the party

  • having two different types of representative may create animosity between them those elected by party lists may be seen as getting in through the back door

  • it can be complicated; people may be confused over what to do with their two votes

  • smaller parties are less well represented than under a fully proportional system