Acid-Base Theories

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Last updated 1:19 PM on 4/12/25
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20 Terms

1
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What does the Arrhenius Theory define as an acid?
A substance that produces H⁺ (protons) in water.
2
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What does the Arrhenius Theory define as a base?
A substance that produces OH⁻ (hydroxide ions) in water.
3
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What is the key feature of the Arrhenius Theory?
It is limited to aqueous solutions.
4
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How does the Brønsted-Lowry Concept define an acid?
As a proton (H⁺) donor.
5
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How does the Brønsted-Lowry Concept define a base?
As a proton (H⁺) acceptor.
6
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What is the main focus of the Brønsted-Lowry Concept?
It focuses on proton transfer.
7
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In the Lewis Concept, how is an acid defined?
As an electron pair acceptor.
8
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In the Lewis Concept, how is a base defined?
As an electron pair donor.
9
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What is the main focus of the Lewis Concept?
It focuses on electron interactions.
10
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What is a key difference between the Arrhenius Theory and the Brønsted-Lowry Concept?
The Arrhenius Theory applies only to aqueous solutions while the Brønsted-Lowry Concept includes proton transfer in any medium.
11
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What is a key feature of the Lewis Concept compared to the other two theories?
It is the most general and defines acids and bases based on electron movement.
12
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Give an example of an acid according to the Arrhenius Theory.
HCl, which releases H⁺ in water.
13
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Give an example of a base according to the Arrhenius Theory.
NaOH, which releases OH⁻ in water.
14
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Provide an example of a Brønsted-Lowry acid.
HCl, which donates H⁺ to water.
15
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Provide an example of a Brønsted-Lowry base.
NH₃, which accepts H⁺ from water.
16
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Give an example of a Lewis acid.
BF₃, which accepts an electron pair.
17
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Give an example of a Lewis base.
NH₃, which donates an electron pair.
18
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What is the limitation of the Arrhenius Theory?
It does not explain acid-base behavior outside of aqueous solutions.
19
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What expansion does the Brønsted-Lowry Concept provide over the Arrhenius Theory?
It includes proton transfer in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions.
20
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What type of reactions does the Lewis Concept explain?
Acid-base behavior in a wide range of chemical reactions, including organic and inorganic systems.