Bio 109 Module 3 - The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant

What are angiosperms?

Flowering plants

What are the two groups of angiosperms?

Monocots and eudicots

How many cotyledons do monocots have?

One

How many cotyledons do eudicots have?

Two

Give examples of monocots.

Grasses lilies orchids palms and grains

Give examples of eudicots.

Fruits vegetables shrubs and coffee plants

What are the three main plant organs?

Roots stems and leaves

What is an organ?

A structure composed of multiple tissue types

What are the functions of roots?

Anchoring absorption transport and food storage

What do roots absorb?

Water and minerals

What do roots store?

Food

What are root hairs?

Tiny projections that increase surface area

What is the function of root hairs?

Increase water and mineral absorption

What is the shoot system?

The above ground portion of the plant

What is the function of stems?

Support leaves and flowers

What are nodes?

Points where leaves attach

What are internodes?

Stem regions between nodes

What is a terminal bud?

The dominant bud at the top of the plant

What is an axillary bud?

A dormant bud on the side of the plant

What is apical dominance?

Terminal bud suppresses growth of axillary buds

What happens if the terminal bud is removed?

The plant becomes bushier

What is a runner?

A horizontal stem used for asexual reproduction

What is a rhizome?

A horizontal underground stem

What is a tuber?

An enlarged structure at the end of a rhizome

What is an example of a tuber?

Potato

What are the functions of leaves?

Photosynthesis gas exchange and transpiration

What are tendrils?

Modified leaves used for climbing

What are spines?

Modified leaves used for protection

What are the three major tissue systems in plants?

Dermal ground and vascular tissue

What is dermal tissue?

The outer protective covering

What is ground tissue?

Tissue responsible for photosynthesis storage and support

What is vascular tissue?

Tissue responsible for transport and support

What tissues make up vascular tissue?

Xylem and phloem

What does xylem transport?

Water and dissolved minerals

What does phloem transport?

Sugars produced during photosynthesis

What is an important component of plant cell walls?

Cellulose

What organelles are unique to plant cells?

Chloroplasts cell wall and central vacuole

What are parenchyma cells?

Cells involved in food storage and photosynthesis

Which plant cells are most abundant?

Parenchyma cells

What are collenchyma cells?

Support cells in actively growing regions

What are sclerenchyma cells?

Cells with thick walls strengthened by lignin

What is lignin?

A strengthening material found in secondary cell walls

What is primary growth?

Increase in plant length

Where does primary growth occur?

Apical meristems

What causes primary growth?

Cell division in apical meristems

What is secondary growth?

Increase in plant thickness

What causes secondary growth?

Cell division that increases girth

What are meristems?

Regions of active cell division

What are apical meristems?

Meristems located at root and shoot tips

What is the function of root caps?

Protect root tips as they grow through soil