notes for lab

What is the origin of the hamstrings?

• Ischial tuberosity

• Exception: Short head of biceps femoris originates from the linea aspera of the femur

What nerve and vessels come out of the obturator foramen?

• Obturator nerve

• Obturator artery

• Obturator vein

What inserts onto the ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)?

• Sartorius muscle

• Inguinal ligament

What nerve exits through the greater sciatic notch/foramen?

Major structures exiting the greater sciatic foramen include:

• Sciatic nerve

• Superior gluteal nerve and vessels

• Inferior gluteal nerve and vessels

• Pudendal nerve

• Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

• Nerve to obturator internus

• Nerve to quadratus femoris

What muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter?

• Iliopsoas (psoas major + iliacus)

What muscles attach to the greater trochanter?

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus minimus

• Piriformis

• Obturator internus

• Superior gemellus

• Inferior gemellus

• Obturator externus

In a displaced femoral neck fracture, what artery is commonly damaged posteriorly?

• Medial circumflex femoral artery

In a displaced femoral neck fracture, what artery would be injured anteriorly?

• Lateral circumflex femoral artery

What attaches to the fovea capitis?

• Ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres)

What artery travels through the ligament of the head of the femur?

• Acetabular branch of the obturator artery

What happens with a fracture of the neck of the fibula?

• Common fibular (peroneal) nerve injury

• Loss of dorsiflexion → foot drop

What bones form the subtalar joint?

• Talus + calcaneus

What movements occur at the subtalar joint?

• Inversion

• Eversion

What attaches to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal?

• Fibularis (peroneus) brevis tendon

Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

• Distal phalanx of the great toe

Where does the Achilles tendon attach?

• Calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus

What nerve innervates the muscles contributing to the Achilles tendon?

• Tibial nerve

What is the origin of gluteus maximus?

• Posterior ilium (including posterior iliac crest)

• Posterior to posterior gluteal line

• Sacrotuberous ligament

• Sacrum and coccyx

What innervates quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus?

• Nerve to quadratus femoris

• Roots: L4–S1

What innervates obturator internus and superior gemellus

• Nerve to obturator internus

• Roots: L5–S2

What innervates piriformis?

• Nerve to piriformis

• Roots: S1–S2

What muscles are innervated by the common fibular nerve?

The common fibular nerve divides into:

• Deep fibular nerve → anterior compartment muscles

• Superficial fibular nerve → lateral compartment muscles

What muscles of the anterior leg are innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

• Tibialis anterior

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Fibularis tertius

What compartment does the superficial fibular nerve innervate

• Lateral compartment of the leg

What muscles are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve?

• Fibularis longus

• Fibularis brevis

What muscles on the dorsum of the foot are innervated by the deep fibular nerve?

• Extensor digitorum brevis

• Extensor hallucis brevis

Where is the small saphenous vein located?

• Lateral side/posterior aspect of the leg

Where is the great saphenous vein located?

• Medial side of the leg

What bone forms the lateral malleolus?

• Fibula