Topic 1: Biological Molecules

what are biological molecules

what are monomers and give 5 examples

Monomers - smaller, repeating molecules / units from which larger molecules / polymers are made

what are polymers

Polymers - molecules made from many (a large number of) identical / similar monomer molecules

what happens in condensation reactions

what happens in hydrolysis reactions

what are the 3 types of carbohydrates

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

what are monosaccharides + give 3 examples

Monosaccharides: Simplest sugars, monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

• E.g. Glucose, fructose, galactose

what are disaccharides + 3 examples and what monosaccharides they are made from

Disaccharides: Two monosacchardies joined together by a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond, releasing a water molecule

• E.g. maltose, sucrose, lactose

• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

what are polysaccharides and give 3 examples

Polysaccharides: More than 2 monosaccharides join together by a condensation reaction, forming glycosidic bonds, releasing many water molecules

• E.g. Starch, glycogen, cellulose

draw a diagram to show how two monosaccharides are joined together using alpha glucose + alpha glucose to maltose