Resp. Sys. Structures + Functions

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Last updated 6:37 PM on 4/9/26
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25 Terms

1
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External Nares

Openings of the nose (nostrils); allow air to enter the respiratory system.

<p>Openings of the nose (nostrils); allow air to enter the respiratory system.</p>
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Internal nares (choanae)

Openings connecting the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx; passageway for airflow toward the throat.

<p>Openings connecting the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx; passageway for airflow toward the throat.</p>
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Nasal vestibule

Anterior part of nasal cavity lined with hairs; filters large particles from inhaled air.

<p>Anterior part of nasal cavity lined with hairs; filters large particles from inhaled air.</p>
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Nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior)

Curved bony shelves that:

  • Increase surface area

  • Warm, humidify, and filter air

  • Create air turbulence for better conditioning

<p>Curved bony shelves that:</p><ul><li><p>Increase surface area</p></li><li><p>Warm, humidify, and filter air</p></li><li><p>Create air turbulence for better conditioning</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Meatus (superior, middle, inferior)

Air passages beneath each concha; allow airflow and drainage of sinuses and tear ducts.

<p>Air passages beneath each concha; allow airflow and drainage of sinuses and tear ducts.</p>
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Pharynx

Muscular tube serving as a shared passageway for air and food.

<p>Muscular tube serving as a shared passageway for air and food.</p>
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Nasopharynx

  • Behind nasal cavity

  • Air passage only

  • Contains openings of auditory tubes.

<ul><li><p>Behind nasal cavity</p></li><li><p>Air passage only</p></li><li><p>Contains openings of auditory tubes.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Oropharynx

  • Behind oral cavity

  • Passageway for air AND food.

<ul><li><p>Behind oral cavity</p></li><li><p>Passageway for air AND food.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Laryngopharynx

  • Inferior portion of pharynx

  • Directs air to larynx and food to esophagus.

<ul><li><p>Inferior portion of pharynx</p></li><li><p>Directs air to larynx and food to esophagus.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Thyroid cartilage

Largest laryngeal cartilage; forms the Adam’s apple; protects vocal cords.

<p>Largest laryngeal cartilage; forms the Adam’s apple; protects vocal cords.</p>
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Cricoid cartilage

Ring-shaped cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage; maintains airway openness.

<p>Ring-shaped cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage; maintains airway openness.</p>
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Epiglottis

Elastic cartilage flap that closes over the larynx during swallowing to prevent food entering airway.

<p>Elastic cartilage flap that closes over the larynx during swallowing to prevent food entering airway.</p>
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Arytenoid cartilages

Paired cartilages that anchor and move vocal cords; essential for speech production.

<p>Paired cartilages that anchor and move vocal cords; essential for speech production.</p>
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Corniculate cartilages

Small cartilages atop arytenoids; help support and stabilize vocal folds.

<p>Small cartilages atop arytenoids; help support and stabilize vocal folds.</p>
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Trachea

Windpipe conducting air from larynx to bronchi.

<p>Windpipe conducting air from larynx to bronchi.</p>
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Tracheal cartilages

C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings that:

  • Prevent airway collapse

  • Allow esophagus expansion during swallowing.

<p>C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings that:</p><ul><li><p>Prevent airway collapse</p></li><li><p>Allow esophagus expansion during swallowing.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Tracheal membrane

Posterior smooth muscle wall; allows flexibility and diameter adjustment during coughing.

<p>Posterior smooth muscle wall; allows flexibility and diameter adjustment during coughing.</p>
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Primary bronchi

First branches of trachea entering each lung.

<p>First branches of trachea entering each lung.</p>
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Secondary bronchi (lobar bronchi)

Branch from primary bronchi; supply each lung lobe.

<p>Branch from primary bronchi; supply each lung lobe.</p>
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Tertiary bronchi (segmental bronchi)

Smaller branches supplying bronchopulmonary segments.

<p>Smaller branches supplying bronchopulmonary segments.</p>
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Apex of lungs

Superior pointed portion extending above the clavicle.

<p>Superior pointed portion extending above the clavicle.</p>
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Base of lungs

Inferior surface resting on the diaphragm.

<p>Inferior surface resting on the diaphragm.</p>
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Right lung

  • Larger lung

  • 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

  • 2 fissures (horizontal & oblique).

<ul><li><p>Larger lung</p></li><li><p>3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)</p></li><li><p>2 fissures (horizontal &amp; oblique).</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Left lung

  • Smaller (space for heart)

  • 2 lobes (superior & inferior)

  • 1 oblique fissure.

<ul><li><p>Smaller (space for heart)</p></li><li><p>2 lobes (superior &amp; inferior)</p></li><li><p>1 oblique fissure.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Cardiac notch

Indentation in the left lung that accommodates the heart.

<p>Indentation in the left lung that accommodates the heart.</p>