Geography P2 SC/NSC May/June 2025 Marking Guidelines Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards is based on the May/June 2025 Geography P2 marking guidelines, covering key concepts in climatology, settlement, economic geography, and GIS.

Katabatic

Winds that occur when cold air rolls downslope into a valley and forms an inversion, typically at night.

Inversion

A condition formed when cold air rolls down into a valley during the night.

Perennial river

A river that flows all year round.

Land restitution

One of the principles of land reform identified in the text alongside redistribution.

Willing-buyer-willing-seller

A land redistribution principle where the government buys land from a seller who is willing to sell at a negotiated price.

Land-use zone

Land in an urban area that is used for a specific purpose or function.

Transition zone

An area located at the edge of the CBD characterized by mixed land-use, high land values, and often dilapidated buildings or social ills.

Invasion and succession

The process where functions of the CBD take over an area, often explaining why the transition zone does not completely surround the CBD.

Green belt

A land-use zone in urban settlements used to contain urban sprawl, maintain biodiversity, and provide recreational areas.

Urban sprawl

The expansion of urban areas which can be contained by the implementation of green belts.

Multiplier effect

The phenomenon where an increase in economic activity, such as landownership or foreign investment, stimulates further growth and buying power in an area.

Light industry

Industries that produce small-scale products, often involving agricultural materials, and are commonly found in regions like the SW Cape.

Heavy industry

Industries involved in large-scale production, often requiring substantial infrastructure and located away from high-income residential areas.

Market orientated

An industry that locates itself close to its consumers or the area where the products are sold.

Ubiquitous

An industry that can be found everywhere because its requirements are widely available.

Raw material orientated

An industry that chooses its location based on the proximity to the source of its raw materials.

Footloose

An industry that is not tied to a specific location and can be established in many different places.

Break-of-bulk-point

A location, like a harbour, where goods are transferred from one mode of transport to another and where industries often settle.

Informal sector

A part of the economy consisting of unregistered businesses that often accounts for more than $50\%$ of the workforce in certain areas.

Rural-urban fringe

The zone at the edge of an urban area, often suitable for features like sewage works because land is cheaper and away from residential centers.

Raster data

A type of GIS data consisting of images or photographs made up of pixels or grid cells.

Topography

A GIS data layer representing the relief of the land, which can limit development if it is difficult or expensive to build on.